北京教堂声学特性的试验分析

对北京9座基督和天主教堂的声学环境进行了长期跟踪和调查,发现目前教堂内声学存在明显的听感缺陷,为了能够更好地解决教堂声学缺陷,研究者进行了两组主观听音试验对教堂声场的混响感和清晰度进行了调查。试验中的声场分别来自于Odeon软件仿真和现场录制。被试要求对音乐和语音的混响感和清晰度同时做出判断并给出结果。结果表明,语音和音乐的混响感知不同,而清晰度主要受到混响时间、建筑结构和说话人性别这三个因素的影响。最后对如何使用扩声系统改善教堂音质提出了一些建议,期望能够对今后教堂的建设和声学环境改善提供参考和依据。

Test on the Acoustics Characteristic of Church in Beijing

The acoustic environments of nine Catholic and Christ Church in Beijing are investigated in a long term and it is found that there are many acoustics defects in all these churches. In order to solve these defects better, two listening tests are carried out to discuss how to use the public address system to improve the acoustic environment. The subjects are asked to judge the running reverberation impression and the clarity caused by acoustic scenes simulated by recording in spot or vir- tual room impulse responses come from Odeon. The results show that the reverberance of music and speech are very different and the clarity is influenced by three factors, they are reverberation time, architecture construction and the gender of speaker. In the end, recommendations on how to use the public address system are given to improve the acoustic environment in churches.