利用无线电掩星观测数据反演大气水汽剖面

准确掌握地球低层大气中的水汽分布，了解水汽变化趋势对天气现象的研究、数值天气预报具有重要的理论研究及实用价值。以无线电掩星技术为基础，利用掩星数据反演大气水汽剖面。详细阐述通过线性迭代方法，反演对流层下部水汽廓线的原理。对常用的掩星数据做了概括性介绍，利用实际掩星数据反演得到了近地面水汽的垂直分布廓线，并给出了反演个例。通过反演的水汽廓线与模式以及实际探空资料进行对比，表明在大多数情况下，由大气折射率反演获取水汽剖面的正确性。针对初始温度和反演上边界的问题进行了研究，分析了不同温度及不同上边界条件下水汽剖面反演可能受到的影响，指出了线性迭代方法反演水汽垂直分布中存在的问题。

Inversion of atmospheric water vapour using radio occultation data

To sound water vapour precisely in the lower troposphere is essential for numerical weather forecast and other meteorological applications. The main purpose of this paper is to develop an inverse method of water vapour profiles using radio occultation data. Through the linear retrieval, some water profiles are obtained. It concludes that the retrieval profiles, obtained from atmospheric refractiv-ity, are reliable in most cases according to comparison with the data from the AR-EM model and the radiosondes. This paper also illuminates the characteristics of the linear retrieval method and analyses the effect of initial integral height and prior knowledge of the temperature profiles in inversion.