可展开空间光学望远镜技术发展及展望

为了获得更高的角分辨率，空间光学望远镜的口径越来越大，口径超过4 m的空间望远镜将难以突破现有运载火箭整流罩有效包络的限制。另一方面，在研制周期及成本等方面拥有较大优势的微纳光学遥感卫星也对提高空间分辨率和集光面积有广泛的需求，需要在较小的发射体积里容纳下较大的光机系统，以降低发射成本。可展开空间光学望远镜将成为解决发射尺寸受限的可行方式。从大口径空间天文望远镜、分块式可展开对地观测望远镜和光轴方向可展开微纳卫星光学望远镜等方面对国内外可展开空间光学望远镜的研究现状进行了综述。对可展开空间光学望远镜涉及到的一些关键技术和发展趋势进行了阐述和归纳。

Development and prospects of deployable space optical telescope technology

In order to obtain higher angular resolution, the aperture of the space optical telescope is getting larger and larger, and the space telescope with aperture of more than four meters will be difficult to break through the limitation of the effective envelope of the fairing of the existing launch vehicle. On the other hand, the micro-nano optical remote sensing satellite, which has great advantages in terms of development cycle and cost, also has extensive requirements for improving spatial resolution and light gathering area, requiring a smaller launch volume to accommodate a large opto-mechanical system to reduce the launch cost. Deployable space telescopes will be a feasible solution to overcome the limitations of launch size. The research status of deployable space telescopes was reviewed from the aspects of large aperture space astronomical telescopes, segmented mirror deployable telescopes for earth observation and micro-nano satellite optical telescopes deploying along optical axis. Some key technologies and development trends involved in deployable space telescopes were described and summarized.