一种基于空间光机热模型的自适应PID控制方法

为提高空间相机的控温稳定度以保证成像质量，本文提出一种基于空间光机热模型的自适应比例积分微分（proportional-integral-derivative, PID）控制方法。该控制器的设计从空间光机的热平衡方程出发，能够实时根据光机及与其辐射换热对象的温度修正光机的热模型，继而采用极点配置的方法实时校正PID控制器参数，最终确定本控温周期的加热占空比。本文通过建立抽象的空间光机热模型，分别施加上述自适应PID控制方法与固定参数PID控制方法，对控温效果进行了仿真及实验对比。结果表明，对环境扰动引起的温度波动，该自适应PID控制器始终保持最佳动态响应，控温稳定度优于± 0.1 K，具有更好的控温稳定性和环境适应性。

Adaptive PID Control Method Based on Space Optical Mechanical Thermal Model

To improve the temperature control stability of space cameras to ensure imaging quality, an adaptive proportional-integral-derivative(PID) control method based on a space optical mechanical thermal model is proposed. The design of the controller starts from the thermal balance equation of the space optical machinery and can correct the thermal model of the optical machinery in real time according to the temperature of the optical machinery and its radiating heat exchange object. Then, the parameters of the PID controller are corrected in real time using the pole assignment method, and the heating duty cycle of the temperature control period is finally determined. In this study, by establishing an abstract thermal model of space optical machinery and applying the above self-adaptive PID control method and PID control method with fixed parameters, the effect of temperature control is compared by simulation and experiment. The experimental results show that the adaptive PID controller always maintains the best dynamic response to the temperature fluctuation caused by environmental disturbance, and the temperature control stability is better than ±0.1 K; thus, the controller has better temperature control stability and environmental adaptability.