稳定化处理重金属废渣的实验研究

稳定化是一种相对经济有效的治理重金属废渣的办法。以湖南某停产的冶炼厂旧址的重金属废渣为研究对象,通过正交试验向废渣中添加稳定化药剂,以稳定化后废渣的浸出毒性为研究指标,确定了不同药剂最优化配比。极差分析结果表明：氧化物的含量是控制浸出毒性的关键因素。根据标准HJ/T 299-2007,加入最优配比药剂的废渣的浸出毒性低于危险废弃物毒性浸出标准( GB5085.3- 2007),同时根据标准GB 5086.1-1997,浸出毒性也低于污水排放标准(GB8978-1996)中重金属浓度限值,重金属废渣从危险废物变为第II类一般工业固体废物。

Experimental Study on Stabilization Treatment of Heavy Metal Waste Residue

Stabilization represents a comparatively cost-effective treatment alternative for heavy metal waste residue. In this paper, heavy metal waste residue in an idling smelter in Hunan Province is the research object. Several stabilized materials were mixed with heavy metal waste residue to reduce the leaching toxicity of arsenic in leachate by orthogonal test. With leaching toxicity of stabilized waste residue as evaluation index, the optimal composition of stabilized reagent was determined. The Range Analysis showed that oxide content was the first influence factor of leaching toxicity. According to HJ/T 299-2007 standard, the optimum formula of stabilized reagent was added into waste residue and the leaching toxicity of stabilized waste residue was lower than the concentration limit of heavy metal in the Chinese national hazardous waste standard (GB5085.3- 2007). Meanwhile, as the same process, according to GB 5086.1-1997 standard, leaching toxicity of stabilized waste residue was lower than the concentration limit of heavy metal in the Chinese national sewage effluent discharge standard (GB8978-1996), which demonstrates that the waste residue has been changed from hazardous waste into the second category general industrial solid waste.