改善搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头中界面畸变缺陷研究的 现状与展望

综述了目前关于改善搅拌摩擦焊搭接焊（FSLW）接头界面畸变的相关技术与方法，分析了各种技术与方法的特点、目前存在的不足以及展望了未来发展的方向。研究现状表明，通过焊接工艺参数的优化，可以在一定程度上降低界面的畸变程度，但是焊接参数与界面畸变特征之间的关联规律尚未厘清，因此仅通过工艺参数的调整很难从根本上解决接头的畸变问题；通过采用不同的搅拌工具进行FSLW，是一种可以改变焊接过程中材料流动，从而获得低畸变界面的有效方法，但是目前焊接工具改善界面畸变的效果，还过于依赖焊接参数的匹配，并且对于焊接工具如何改变界面流动的机制尚不清楚；通过复合焊接技术能在一定程度上降低FSLW接头中的界面畸变对接头性能的不利影响，但是工艺较为复杂，限制了其工程化应用。因此，设计、制备能够在较宽参数区间获得低畸变界面的搅拌工具，并研究其在焊接过程中的材料流动机制，是未来从根本上解决FSLW接头界面畸变、获得高质量接头的有效途径与方法，也是今后FSLW领域的重要研究与发展方向。

Research Status and Prospect on the Methods and Techniques Improving the Interfacial Migration Friction Stir Lap Welded Joints

The main methods and techniques for improving the interfacial migration of FSLW joints are summarized, the characteristics of various technologies and methods, the current deficiencies and the future development direction is prospected currently. The research status manifests that the parameters, such as welding speed and rotational rate, could change the interfacial migration shape to a certain extent. While the relationship between the welding parameters and interfacial migration shape is quite complex and has not been fully understood at present, the shape is therefore very difficult to be controlled by the optimizing of welding parameters alone, which is deleterious to its industrial application. In addition, the different tool geometries could significantly influence the material flow and heat input during FSLW, resulting in the formation of various interfacial migration shapes. However, it is difficult to obtain a interface morphology of low distortion by the independent function of welding tools now. In addition, the influencing mechanism of the different tools on the material flow was not well understood at present. Hybrid FSLW could improve the interfacial migration of the weld joints to some extent, but the complex processes limited its extensive industrial application. In this context, designing and preparing the welding tools that could achieve the formation of a stable interface morphology under a wide range of process parameters is the focus of studying for the FSLW.