无人机航测技术在大型露天采坑监测中的应用

在露天采坑深凹开采过程中，边坡形成结构破碎、坡度陡峭的高危临空面，极易促生崩滑地质灾害，深入研究快速、有效的监测技术，对有效防控边坡工程灾害和安全开采监管具有重要意义。研究采用固定翼无人机航测技术获取大型露天采坑三维点云数据，经点云去噪、剔除植被等预处理，生成露天采坑DEM数据，分析采坑的开采范围。根据DEM数据，提取矿山边坡坡度数据，开展边坡风险性分析。并利用露天采坑多期DEM进行差值，获取采坑相关变化量。研究结果表明：无人机航测技术可以快速、有效获取大型露天采坑的三维实景模型，能够为政府和企业开采监管提供可视化数据支撑|大型露天采坑的DEM数据，经地形分析提取坡度数据，可以有效发现边坡的崩滑现象，进行有效的监管。

Monitoring and analysis of open mining pit based on UAV aerial survey technology

Abstract: In the deep mining process of the mine, the slope forms a high-risk surface with broken structure and steep slope, which is very easy to cause geological disasters of collapse and slide. It is of great significance to study fast and effective monitoring technology for effective prevention and control of slope engineering disasters and mining volume monitoring. In this study, the fixed-wing UAV aerial survey method was used to acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of large open pit mines, and DEM data was generated by point cloud denoising and vegetation removal. According to DEM data, the slope data of mine slope is extracted and the risk analysis of slope is carried out. By using the multi-period DEM difference to obtain the open-pit mine changes and achieve effective monitoring of mining activities. The results show that the aerial survey technology of UAV can quickly and effectively obtain the 3D real scene model of large open pit, and can provide visual data support for government and enterprises. The slope data extracted by terrain analysis from the large-scale open pit mining DEM data can effectively find the slope collapse phenomenon.Multi-period DEM difference data from large-scale open pit mining can achieve accurate monitoring of the amount of mining changes.