一种市场化的生态产品价值实现机制:自然资本协议实践及启示

自然资本、生态产品及生态产品价值，构成了存量、流量和价值三者相互依存的关系。自然资本协议是借用金融制度的一套新的工具体系，能够通过企业这种市场细胞，将存量的自然资本所转化的生态产品价值进行量化评估。本文介绍了自然资本联盟发布的自然资本协议相关内容，该协议通过企业活动的 “影响”和“依赖”两个核心概念去评估价值，规定了一套评估框架，包括四个逻辑阶段和九个步骤。四个逻辑阶段包括：架构阶段，以确定进行自然资本评估的原因；范畴阶段，定义评估中应包含的内容，度量和估值阶段，用于指导如何衡量和评估自然资本；应用阶段，帮助解释结果并确定下一步。评估方法包括多种定性、定量和货币方法。该市场化手段评估生态产品价值，以企业为最小单元，为评估找到价值之锚，可改变被动治理环境的局面，有助于形成正面激励措施，创造经济增长新动力。生态产品价值一但实现，可确立以政府为主导，市场为主体，中介机构积极参与推进体系。并借助产权交易、投融资机制创新，推进生态文明建设。对我国自然资源管理部门，自然资本评估也可促进自然资产管理，并引导、考核市场主体和管理主体。

A market-based mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products:Natural Capital Agreement practice and implications.

Natural capital, ecological products and ecological product values constitute an interdependent relationship of stock, flow and value. Natural capital agreements are a new system of tools borrowed from the financial system that can quantitatively assess the value of ecological products transformed from the stock of natural capital through a market cell like an enterprise. This article introduce a new protocol conducted by the Natural Capital Coalition, named The Natural Capital Protocol, which assesses value through the core concepts of "impact" and "dependence" of enterprise activities, and provides a framework for valuation that includes four logical stages and nine steps. The four logical phases include: a structuring phase to determine the reason for conducting a natural capital assessment; a scoping phase to define what should be included in the assessment, a metrics and valuation phase to guide how to measure and assess natural capital; and an application phase to help interpret the results and determine the next steps. Valuation methods include a variety of qualitative, quantitative and monetary approaches. This market-based approach to assessing the value of ecological products, with the enterprise as the smallest unit, finds an anchor of value for the assessment, which can change the situation of passive environmental management and help create positive incentives to create new dynamics of economic growth. Once the value of ecological products is realized, a government-led, market-driven, intermediary organization can be established to actively participate in the promotion system. And with the help of property rights trading and investment and financing mechanism innovation, we can promote the construction of ecological civilization. For China"s natural resource management departments, natural capital assessment can also promote natural asset management, and guide and assess market and management subjects.