复垦年限及植被模式对矿区土壤质量的影响

理解复垦年限和植被模式对煤矿复垦土壤质量的影响机制,对评估生态系统恢复程度极为重要。本文以安太堡露天煤矿复垦区土壤为研究对象,基于相关系数法和经验模型确定指标权重和隶属度,采用综合指数法建立土壤质量评价模型,分析复垦年限和复垦植被模式对土壤质量的影响。结果表明:露天矿的开采对表土的破坏十分严重;随着人为复垦措施的实施,土壤质量逐渐恢复,复垦区的土壤综合质量甚至可以超过原地貌;但土壤质量恢复需要较长时间,复垦措施的实施有助于恢复土壤质量,且复垦时长是其恢复的重要保障。油松纯林是该研究区较优的单一植被复垦模式,刺槐×榆树混交模式复垦更适合在研究区内推广使用。研究结果将为露天煤矿区复垦和绿色矿山建设等提供理论参考。

Effects of regenerated periods and vegetation modes on soil quality in regenerated land of opencast coal mine

Understanding the effect of regenerated duration and measures on the soil quality is essential for estimating the degree of ecological restoration. In this study, we employed the correlation coefficient and empirical model to determines the index weight and membership degree, and the mathematical model by indexes sum method was built up to evaluate the restoration effects of different regeneration periods and vegetation patterns on the soil quality in restoration fields of the Antaibao opencast coal mine in Shanxi Province, China. Our results showed that the processes of opencast coal mining were lead to huge damages on the topsoil. With the implementation of the artificial regenerated measures, the soil quality had already recovered and gradually closed/exceed to the original landform. However, it would be a long time for soil quality to recover, and regenerated measures and periods were important for its recovery. Secondly, from the standpoint of the soil quality, the best single-plant reclamation pattern was exhibited by Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis), and the optimized configuration sequence of mixed forest was Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) × Elm (Ulmus pumila). The latter reclamation mode can be used preferentially in the study area. These findings are in a hope of providing theoretical reference for the land reclamation, ecological reconstruction in open coal mines.