世界铁矿石需求,供给及对我国进口铁矿石的建议

世界铁矿需求量今后十年将会增加,国际市场上高品位富矿块和球团矿则将出现短缺。但如果各铁矿石出口国争上项目扩大产能,也有可能出现80年代中期矿石过剩价格下跌的局面。我国发展钢铁工业应立足于优先开发国内资源。经济比较表明,内地的钢铁企业用国产矿有利,沿海的钢铁企业用国产矿不利,用进口矿反而有利。进口铁矿石既可采取长期合同方式买矿,也可择优合资经营到国外开矿。今后除由巴西、澳大利亚、印度、南非、秘鲁等国进口外,还应研究从越南、蒙古、东南亚、非洲、俄罗斯进口铁矿石。建议改革行业管理体制,实行煤铁联营。若每年少出口500万t精煤,少进口645万t铁矿石,可用产能500万t精煤的投资开发产能1645万t国产铁矿,以顶645万t进口矿。这样,不但减轻了铁路运煤和港口装卸的压力,而且国民经济效益显著,由于“煤铁联营”所获经济效益应划归煤炭部门。

WORLD'S DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF IRON ORE AND SUGGESTIONS ON THE COUNTRY'S IRON ORE IMPORT

Having analyzed the world's demand and supply of iron ore in the next decade, the auther presents that China's iron and steel industry should put reliance on precedent development of home iron ore resources. Economic comparisons show that it is favourable for inland steel enterprises to use home iron ore resources and for coastal steel enterprises to use imported iron ore. Defferent ways to import iron ore are metioned. The auther suggests reforming industrial administive system and unifying coal and iron ore management. It is pointed out that if coal production and export are properly reduced to save capital cost which would be spended in increasing iron ore production and decreasing iron ore import, the pressures on coal railway transport and port loading and unloading can be releaved and the national ecnomical results can be improved.