察尔汗盐湖资源开发的生态环境保护对策

察尔汗盐湖是我国重要的多组分盐矿之一,但其属于干旱荒漠大陆性高原气候区,生态环境相对脆弱。基于我国以往对于盐湖资源的开发模式和开发利用实践,分析了资源开发存在的生态风险因素,认为水体变化严重影响区域生态环境,因此,维持盐湖水量相对均衡是实现资源可持续开发和生态环境保护的基本需求。本文从产业发展、绿色节能、固液转化、科学蓄水、环境监测等方面,提出构建多产业集群的综合经济发展模式、全周期无污染闭环绿色生产、充分使用自然能源、固体钾转化为液体钾开采等具体对策,以实现盐湖产业与生态环境保护的融合发展。

Countermeasures of ecological and environmental protection for Qarhan Salt Lake resource exploitation

Qarhan Salt Lake is one of the most important multi-component salt resources in China. However, it locates in the arid desert continental plateau climate zone, which means the ecological environment is relatively fragile there. Based on results of salt lake resources development and application in past decades, the ecological risk of local resource exploitation was demonstrated, the change of water body affected the regional ecological environment. In one word, maintaining the relative balance of salt lake water was the basic demand of ecological environment protection. From the aspects of industrial development, green energy saving, solid-liquid transformation, scientific water storage, environmental monitoring, etc, this study proposed a comprehensive economic development model instead of single potassium fertilizer industry, which includes full cycle pollution-free closed-loop green production, full use of natural energy, conversion of solid potassium into liquid potassium mining and other specific countermeasures, to achieve a win-win situation of resource industry development and ecological environment protection.