基于自然资源调查数据的矿山修复评价与实践

废弃露天矿山综合治理是落实打赢蓝天保卫战三年行动计划的一项重要任务。利用自然资源调查数据对废弃露天矿山修复工作开展长期持续性的监测,是落实矿山生态修复成效监测的必要手段。为了科学评价废弃露天矿山生态修复的进展与成果,在文献检索与实地调研的基础上,从生态管控、地表修复和景观格局三个方面探讨了自然资源调查数据可支持的修复工作监测内容和数据获取方法,并给出了相应的指标评价方法。最后,以安徽省宿州市为例,对提出的评价内容和方法进行了实地验证。研究结果表明,自然资源调查数据可以为废弃露天矿山的地表修复进展、修复模式和修复成效提供快速监测数据支持,使得从宏观尺度、中观尺度分析废弃露天矿山地表修复效果具有可操作性。研究成果可以形成可供借鉴的数据分析与评价体系,为安徽省乃至全国的矿山生态修复效果评价提供参考。

Evaluation and Practice of Mine Ecological Rehabilitation Effect Based on Natural Resources Survey Data

The comprehensive treatment of abandoned open-pit mines is an important task in implementing the State Council"s three-year action plan to win the blue sky protection campaign. The use of natural resource survey data to carry out long-term and continuous monitoring of the restoration of abandoned open-pit mines is a necessary method to implement the monitoring of the effectiveness of ecological restoration of mines. To scientifically evaluate the progress and achievements of the ecological restoration, the monitoring and evaluation content by natural resource survey data were discussed from the three aspects of ecological control, land coverage restoration, and landscape pattern, which is based on literature retrieval and field investigations. Evaluation content and corresponding evaluation methods are given. Finally, we take a test in Suzhou in Anhui Province as an example to verify the proposed evaluation content and methods. The research results show that the natural resource survey data can provide rapid monitoring data support for the surface restoration progress, restoration mode, and restoration effect of abandoned open-pit mines, and making it feasible to analyze the surface repair effects of abandoned open-pit mines from the large and middle scales. The research results can provide references for the evaluation of the ecological restoration effects of mines in Anhui Province and even the whole country.