金属矿地下采空区探测、处理与安全评判

我国大多数金属矿山都不同程度的存在地下采空区，且隐患较多，严重危及矿山安全生产．采空区探测方法目前主要有：高密度电阻率法、地震映像法、探地雷达法以厦激光3D法等，采空区处理可以采用尾砂肢结充填法和地表强制崩落法，利用微震监测系统可对采空区的异常行为进行实时监测．根据岩石力学理论和三维数值模拟计算，结合我国一些金属矿工程实例研究，提出了地下采空区顶板稳定性的综合安全评判方法．为了确保有复杂地下采空区的金属矿山的安全开采，建议建立对采空区从探测，监控，处理到数字化安全评判的一体化管理体系．

Detecting, Disposal and Safety Evaluation of the Underground Goaf in Metal Mines

There are a lot of underground goafs in metal mines in China,which affect the safety mining.In detecting techniques of the underground goaf,some methods such as high-density resistivity,seismic imaging,ground penetrating radar and laser 3D can be efficiently used in metal mines.The tailing cement filling and the ground forced black caving mining methods can be used to deal with them.The unwonted event of goaf can be real-time monitored by the microseismic monitoring system.Based on rock mechanics theory and 3D numerical modeling,a synthetical safety evaluation for the roof stability has been put forward and verified by the case study.It is suggested that an integrative administer system,which includes detecting,supervising,disposal and digital safety evaluation for the underground goafs,should be established in metal mines in order to secure the safety of mines with complex goaf.