资源型城市生态环境质量评价——以鹤岗市为例

鹤岗市是我国重要的产煤基地，从开发到现在有近百年的历史，因煤炭资源开采，破坏了当地的生态环境。目前，由于开采造成的地面塌陷、裂缝、矸石压占、露天采坑挖损地面积较大。未来鹤岗市的城市定位是由资源城市向生态城市转型。本文通过对鹤岗市环境质量分析，从城市可持续发展、生态健康的角度出发，选取社会、经济、资源与环境、人口等方面的指标，建立复合生态系统评价体系。通过熵值法确定评价指标权重，通过环境库兹涅茨曲线检验，确定鹤岗市生态环境质量所处的发展阶段；得出1995-2007年鹤岗市生态环境质量不断上升的变化趋势；各子系统之间发展不协调。应积极开展土地复垦工作，加大环境整治力度，为鹤岗市的可持续发展奠定基础。

A CASE STUDY ON HEGANG CITY: ECO-ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RESOURCES BASED CITY

Hegang city as a vital coal base with over one-hundred-year,s mining history is facing a destroyed eco-environment. Currently, mining activities led to surface collapse, fissures, waste rock overlapping, big open pit excavating area. The future of Hegang shall be a transformation from resources-based city to an ecological city. This paper, through an analysis on environmental quality, establishes a compound eco-system assessment system via social, economic, resources and environmental, and population indexes from urban sustainable development and ecological health. By giving weights to indexes according to entropy method, this paper clarifies the developing stages of eco environmental quality, which has been tested by environmental Kuznets curve. From 1995 to 2007, Hegang,s eco-environmental quality was ascending, but not accordant among its sub-systems. This paper suggests carrying out land rehabilitation intensifying environmental restoration, which promote a sustainable development.