基于生态系统服务价值的水源地生态补偿研究——以南水北调东线扬州市为例

生态补偿是协调区域经济发展和生态环境保护的重要机制，补偿标准的确定和补偿资金的分配是生态补偿的难题。文章基于生态系统服务价值法，利用GIS和遥感技术，分析了扬州市2010年、2015年和2018年土地利用类型和生态系统服务价值的变化，确立受水区生态补偿支付标准上限，引入生态补偿优先级（ECPS）对水源地各区补偿的迫切程度进行量化，并建立补偿资金分配机制。研究表明：1）2010-2018年扬州市土地利用结构变化显著，生态系统服务价值从553.58亿元降低到467.99亿元，其中水体和水田生态系统服务价值减少最为显著，占比90.38%；2）受水区应给予补偿的生态系统服务价值为20.91亿元，而支付标准上限为13.59亿元，二级服务水文调节价值占比80.02%，是补偿的核心；3）补偿顺序和补偿资金分配情况依次为高邮市（10.13亿元）、宝应区（5.08亿元）、邗江区（2.81亿元）、江都区（1.79亿元）、仪征市（0.93亿元）和广陵区（0.17亿元）。最后从明确补偿对象、建立监督机制、形成多元化补偿等角度提出相关建议，以期完善水源地生态补偿机制。

A CASE STUDY ON YANGZHOU CITY: WATER SOURCE ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION BASED ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICING VALUES

Ecological compensation is a vital mechanism in balancing regional economy and eco\|environmental protection. How to determine compensation standard and how to distribute compensation fund is a hard point. This paper uses eco\|system servicing value, GIS and remote sensing to analyze the changes in land use types and eco-system servicing values of Yangzhou in 2010, 2015 and 2018, which is applied to determine the upper limit of ecological compensation of water receiving area. ECPS is adopted to distribute the compensation fund. Yangzhou's land use structure has changed a lot during 2010 to 2018, with eco-system servicing value dropping to RMB 46 799 million from 55 359 million, 90.38% from water use eco\|system. Water receiving areas shall pay 2 091 million compensation, but the upper payment limit is 1 359 million, indicating an adjusted value by secondary water servicing at 80.02%, core compensation. Compensation funds are to be distributed to Gaoyou (1 013 million), Baoying (508 million), Hanjiang (281 million), Jiangdu (179 million), Yizheng (93 million) and Guangling (17 million) in an decreasing order. This paper presents suggestions on improving water source ecological compensation mechanism from determining compensation targets, setting up supervision and forming multiple compensation.