环境库兹涅茨曲线框架下产业升级对生态效率的影响——基于长江经济带市级面板数据的分析

为了研究产业升级对长江经济带生态效率是否存在生态改善效应，以2011—2016年长江经济带33个主要城市为研究对象，利用超效率DEA模型测度生态效率，将新型环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）扩展到生态效率领域，并采用空间计量模型验证产业升级与生态效率之间是否存在EKC曲线关系。结果表明：长江经济带生态效率呈上升趋势，上游地区生态效率明显高于中下游地区；产业升级与生态效率之间存在“U”型曲线关系，大部分城市的产业升级指数已经经过拐点，位于“U”型曲线右方；经济发展水平对生态效率的促进作用不显著，环境规制以及外商直接投资能够有效提高长江经济带生态效率。建议加强上下游地区间生态环境治理策略互动，继续发挥产业升级的生态效率提升作用，推动中上游地区产业升级，加强环境规制，合理利用外资。

INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL UPGRADING ON ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVE (EKC) BASED ON PANEL DATA OF YANGTZE RIVER ECONOMIC ZONE

In order to study if ecological efficiency is improved by industrial upgrading in the Yangtze river economic zone, this paper uses the ultra-efficient DEA model to measure ecological efficiency, applies new EKC to ecological efficiency, and employs spatial accounting model to testify if there is an EKC relation between industrial upgrading and ecological efficiency in thirty three cities in the Yangtze river economic zone. The results show a rising ecological efficiency, which is higher in the upper reaches than in the middle-lower reaches. A U-shaped relation exists between industrial upgrading and ecological efficiency, with most cities locating on the right of U shape, just over the turning point. Economic development has no significant effect on ecological efficiency, but environmental controls and foreign direct investment do. This paper suggests an interaction in ecologically environmental protection between the upper- and lower- reaches, industrial upgrading that can promote ecological efficiency in the upper-middle reaches, boosting environmental controls and rationally using foreign capitals.