基于全生命周期的矿产资源开发环境影响评估——以贵州松桃锰矿整装勘查区为例

以贵州松桃整装勘查区为研究对象，运用全生命周期评估方法对锰矿资源开采和利用过程中存在的环境问题进行了理论探讨和实证分析。从资源开采、运输流通、深加工3个阶段，对锰矿资源开发中的生态系统服务价值、区域固碳能力、碳排放等进行评估，并分析了2003—2015年研究区锰矿开采造成的环境负面影响的演化路径。结果表明，研究区锰矿资源开发对区域生态环境造成了较严重的破坏，3个阶段都存在不同程度的环境负面效应，其中生态系统服务损失主要集中在矿石开采环节，碳排放的负面影响主要集中在产品运输和电解锰生产环节。随着对锰矿石资源利用规模和强度的增大，区域生态环境受到的负面影响逐渐加深。基于此，提出通过整合矿权设置、提高电解锰企业的集中度、改进开采工艺和进一步加强环境规制等措施来减少锰矿资源开发的环境负面影响。

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS EVALUATION OF MINERAL RESOURCESDEVELOPMENT DURING MINING LIFE CYCLE: A CASE STUDY ON SONGTAO MANGANESE INTEGRATED EXPLORATION AREA IN GUIZHOU

This paper, based on a case study of Songtao manganese integrated exploration area in Guizhou, uses entire life cycle to discuss its environmental issues during manganese mining and processing, evaluates servicing values of ecological system, regional carbon fixation capacity, and carbon emission from mining, shipping and fine processing, and studies its environmental impacts evolutional path of study area from 2003 to 2015. Mine environment has been severely impacted in the three stages, of which loss in ecological system service is in mining stage, carbon emission impacts in shipping and processing. The regional ecological environment is increasingly impacted as mining and developing manganese activities grow. This paper presents suggestions on consolidating mining rights, raising concentration of electrolytic manganese companies, improving mining technology and boosting environmental controls in order to reduce environmental impacts.