“古格遗址-古格地貌”的世界文化和自然遗产价值研究

阿里地处西藏西部，平均海拔4 500 m以上，素有“世界屋脊的屋脊”之称。札达县位于阿里冈底斯山脉和喜马拉雅山脉之间的河谷地带，复杂的地质条件造就了鬼斧神工的古格地貌，而相对较低的海拔和象泉河的滋养孕育了遗失的古格文明。研究表明古格遗址见证了消逝的古格文明，是古格王国的历史见证；古格王国是藏传佛教的发源地之一，是藏传佛教后弘期复兴的策源地；古格艺术流派是藏传佛教的一次艺术高潮，反映了藏族优秀的民族民间艺术和多种外来艺术交流的辉煌成就；古格建筑是社会等级制度、佛教宇宙观与实体建筑完美结合，是社会和宗教观念的物化。形成于上新世-早更新世期间的河湖相沉积地貌--古格地貌不仅真实记录和反映喜马拉雅山的隆升过程，是地球演化史中的突出例证，而且更是一种美轮美奂的自然奇景，具有突出的美学价值。更为突出的是古格遗址与古格地貌两者密不可分，是藏民族“天人同性”思想的典范。本文重点研究了“古格遗址 格地貌”的世界遗产价值，并对其申报世界文化自然遗产的可行性、目标、意义、战略进行论述。

STUDY ON THE WORLD CULTURAL & NATURAL HERITAGE VALUES OF "GUGE RELIC-GUGE RELIEF"

Ali, located in western Tibet, is named for “world ridge” with over 4 500 m in altitude. Zhada county, situated in the valley between Gangdisi Mountains and Hymalaya Mountains, has a marvelous Guge relief shaped by complicated geology and structures, where a lost Guge Culture was cultivated in the low altitude region and Xiangquan river. Guge relic witnessed the lost Guge culture and is symbol of Guge kingdom, which was one of origins of Tibet Buddhism, and also a place for its latter bloom. Guge art genre climbed the peak of Tibet Buddhism, reflecting a great achievement of civil arts combination of exotic arts. The ancient architecture is a perfect integration of social hierarchic rank, Buddhism world outlook and physical architectures, and a materialization of social and religionary concepts as well. Guge relief, a river-lake sedimentary relief formed in Pliocene to early Pleistocene, is not only a real record of Hymalaya mountain orogeny which is typical case of the earth evolution, but also a beautiful landscape. Guge relic had an internal affiliation with Guge relief, revealing a “natural-human-being-one” pensee. This paper studies on the world heritage values of “Guge relic and Guge relief” and expands the feasibility, goal, significance and strategy of applying for the World Cultural & Natural Heritage.