缓倾煤层采空区上覆岩体变形特征物理模拟研究

以贵州马达岭滑坡所在的自然边坡为原型，通过框架物理模型试验，研究了缓倾煤层采空区上覆岩体沿岩层走向方向的变形过程，分析采动滑坡变形破坏机制。研究结果表明：煤层开采后，上覆岩层发生应力重分布，采空区边界形成拉应力集中区；上覆岩层产生以沉降为主的弯曲变形，而在坡肩和坡脚部位产生较明显水平向外位移；变形过程中先在采空区后边界部位产生裂缝，回采煤柱后，裂缝贯通，形成潜在滑面。

Physical modeling on deformation characteristics of overlying rock mass above mined-out area in gently inclined coal seam

Using Madaling landslide in Guizhou Province as a case，based on physical modeling，this paper studied the deformation process and mechanism of overlying rock mass above a mined-out area in gentle inclined coal seam.As a result，the mining landslide deformation mechanism could be described as follow：firstly，the coal mining leads to the stress redistribution of overlying rock mass and tensile stress concentrated area along mined-out boundary.Secondly，the overlying rock mass subsides and generates bending deformation.At the same time，the shoulder and toe region of the slope moves outward and generates horizontal displacement.Thirdly，cracks generate at the back edge of the mined-out area.After mining coal pillars，the cracks further extend and gradually form potential sliding surface combining mined-out area.