我国煤炭工业科技创新进展及“十四五”发展方向

煤炭是我国的基础能源和工业原料,长期以来为经济社会发展和国家能源安全稳定供应提供了有力保障。作为煤炭工业健康有序发展的核心动力,“十三五”以来,我国煤炭行业自主创新能力得到了大幅提升,实现了从跟踪、模仿到部分领域并跑、领跑的转变,取得了突出的成就。系统总结了“十三五”以来我国煤炭科技取得的主要成果,梳理了煤炭地质勘探、矿井建设、煤及共伴生资源开采、矿井灾害防治、煤机装备与智能化、洁净煤技术、节能环保与职业健康等7个领域所取得的理论、技术及工程应用方面的进展。分析了当前煤炭科技发展面临的共性问题,指出煤炭科技创新支撑我国煤炭工业高质量发展的能力依然不足。提出了煤炭科技自立自强、完善现代化煤炭开发利用理论与技术体系的“十四五”煤炭科技发展目标。围绕煤炭安全绿色智能开采和清洁高效低碳利用,明确了“31110”科技创新主要任务,包括煤炭绿色智能开采、煤矿重大灾害防控、煤炭清洁高效转化三大煤炭基础理论研究,煤炭资源勘查与地质保障、大型现代化矿井建设、煤炭与共伴生资源协调开采、煤矿灾害防治、煤矿智能化与机器人、煤炭清洁高效加工、煤炭高效转化利用、煤矿职业危害防治、煤矿应急救援、资源综合利用与生态保护十大重点领域核心技术攻关,煤矿井巷全断面快速掘进、复杂地质条件煤层智能综采、智能化煤矿建设、智能精细高效洗选、煤炭分质利用技术、煤炭液化及高端化工品制备、废弃矿井地下空间资源综合利用、矿区大宗固废资源利用、大型矿区生态修复、煤炭产品质量精准调控10项重大技术创新示范,复杂地质构造槽波地震探测、导井竖井掘进机凿井、掘支运一体化全断面岩巷掘进、煤矿井下水力压裂增透、干法矿物高效分离、采煤沉陷区土地复垦与农业生态再塑、智能无人综采工作面等百项先进适用技术推广应用,为“十四五”时期煤炭科技的发展方向提供了指导意见。

Current technological innovation and development direction of the 14th Five-Year Plan period in China coal industry

As the basic energy and industrial raw material,coal has provided an effective guarantee for the socio-economic development and the national energy security and stable supply in China.Since the 13th Five-Year Plan period,the independent innovation capability of the coal industry has been significantly improved as the core driving force for the coal industry healthy and orderly development,which has been realized the transformation from tracking,learning to parallel running and leading in some areas,and has been achieved the outstanding achievements.This paper systematically summarizes the main technical achievements in China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period,and presents the progress of theory,technology and engineering applications in seven fields,including coal geological exploration,mine construction,coal and associated resource mining,mine disaster prevention,coal machinery and equipment and their intelligence,clean coal technology,energy conservation and occupational health.Also,this paper analyzes the common problems faced by the current coal technology development and points out that the coal technological innovation abilities are still inadequate to support the high-quality development of China coal industry.The coal scientific and technological development goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan period are put forward to improve the modern development,utilization theory and technical system of coal technology towards self-reliance.In order to provide a guidance for the development direction of coal technology in the period of the 14th Five-Year Plan,the main tasks of“31110”scientific and technological innovation are specified around the coal safe,green,intelligent mining and clean,efficient,low-carbon utilization,which include the three basic coal theoretical researches:green intelligent coal mining,prevention and control of major coal mine disasters and coal cleanness conversion.The core technical research of ten key fields includes coal resource exploration and geological protection,large-scale modern mine construction,coordinated mining of coal and associated resources,coal mine disaster prevention,coal mine intelligence and robots,clean and efficient coal processing,efficient conversion and utilization of coal,prevention of occupational hazards in coal mine,coal mine emergency rescue,and comprehensive utilization of resources and ecological protection.Ten major technological innovation demonstration projects consist of full-face rapid excavation of coal mine shaft,intelligent fully mechanized coal mining in complex geological conditions,intelligent coal mine construction,intelligent,fine and efficient washing,coal utilization technology,coal liquefaction and high-end chemical preparation,comprehensive utilization of underground space resources in abandoned mines,utilization of bulk solid waste resources in mining area,ecological restoration of large mining areas,accurate control of coal product quality.Hundreds of promotion and application of advanced applicable technologies,such as full-face rapid excavation of coal mine,intelligent coal mine construction,high effective dry coal beneficiation technology,etc.,will be implemented.