云南昭通氟中毒区煤、土和水中氟的含量与分布

为探讨云南昭通氟中毒地区环境中氟的含量和分布规律以及氟的来源，在昭通镇雄和威信地区采集了160个煤、黄铁矿结核、煤矸石、黏土、玉米、辣椒、饮用水样品，用高温水解-氟离子选择电极法对样品中的氟进行了分析.结果表明：云南昭通氟中毒区晚二叠世龙潭组主采煤层C5煤含氟量低，平均含氟量为77.13 mg/kg；3个典型氟中毒病区民用煤的平均含氟量为72.56 mg/kg，稍低于中国煤炭平均含氟量〖BF〗（82 mg/kg）， 与世界煤的平均值（80 mg/kg）〖BFQ〗接近.中毒区的煤主要为低氟煤，煤中的氟与灰分关系较为密切.中毒区的拌煤黏土中氟含量一般在367～2 435 mg/kg， 但以含氟量超过600 mg/kg的高氟拌煤黏土为主，平均含氟量为1 084.2 mg/kg.氟中毒区饮用水的含氟量一般低于0.35 mg/L，低于国家饮用水的要求(1.0 mg/L).

Content and distribution of fluorine in rock, clay and water in fluorosis area Zhaotong, Yunnan Province

About 160 samples of coal,pyritic coal balls,coal seam gangue,clay,corn,capsicum and drinking water were collected from endemic fluorosis area of Zhenxiong and Weixin county to determine the fluorine content,distribution pattern and source in this fluorosis area.The study shows that the average fluorine content in the coal samples collected from 3 coal mine of the Late Permian coals in Zhenxiong and Weixin county,Zhaotong City,which is the main mining coals in there,is 77.13 mg/kg.The average fluorine content of demotic coals,the local residents home used collected from three typical fluorosis villages is 72.56 mg/kg.Both of them are close to the world average(80 mg/kg) and litter low than the Chinese average(82 mg/kg).The fluorine content of drinking water is lower than 0.35 mg/L,and lower than the stand of lead to fluorosis;the clay that used as an additive for coal-burning and as a binder in briquette-making by local residents has a high content of fluorine,ranging from 367~2 435 mg/kg,with the majority is higher than 600 mg/kg and average of 1 084.2 mg/kg.