依兰盆地煤与油页岩赋存特征及成矿规律研究

以典型的新生代断陷盆地依兰盆地为例，通过野外实测剖面、室内综合分析，研究其发育的丰富的泥页岩、油页岩、煤资源的赋存特征及形成条件，并从古气候、古环境及古构造等条件揭示了煤和油页岩的成因及成矿规律.在盆地初期的幕式构造沉降的背景下容易形成煤与油页岩伴生的含煤岩系，煤主要沉积在扇前浅水湖盆，油页岩直接沉积在煤层之上；而在盆地形成的扩张时期，容易形成稳定的油页岩沉积.该盆地的煤主要发育在湖沼相沉积，而油页岩主要发育在湖沼相和湖泊相.依兰盆地控盆断裂控制了煤和油页岩的分布规律，在靠近断裂F1的煤和油页岩厚度较厚，随着湖盆的沉积范围扩大，表现了一种从湖平面逐渐向岸上超的过程.综合孢粉分析结果可知：煤形成的气候总体为温暖潮湿，而油页岩形成的气候总体呈现向气候温和、温度下降的发展趋势.在达连河组的湖泊发育时期，温暖、潮湿亚热带气候，水面风力较弱的气候，容易形成有利于油页岩形成的还原稳定的深湖环境。

Coal and oil shale occurrence characteristic and metallogenic regularity in Yilan Basin

Taking Yilan Basin which is a typical Cenozoic fault basin for example,the occurrence and forming conditions were studied on shale,oil shale and coal based on field section profiles and comprehensive analysis indoors.Furthermore,the genesis and metallogenic regularities of coal and oil shale were showed by studying on paleoclimte,paleoenvironment and paleotectonic conditions.Coal-bearing beds of coal co-occurring with oil shale easily formed during episodic movement of tectonic subsidence at the beginning of the basin evolution.Coal deposited in shallow lacustrine basin of the fan front,and oil shale directly deposited on the coal interval,while oil shale stable sedimentary time during lake-basin expansion.Coal formed in lake marsh,while oil shale deposited in lake marsh and lacustrine.Coal and oil shale distributions were controlled by the basin-controlling fault of Yilan Basin,and became thicker near the F1 fault.That shows gradually onlapping from the lake level with the increasing depositing range of the lake basin.Coal mainly formed at warm and damp conditions,while the climate of oil shale formation generally tended to mild and a temperature decrease based on spore and pollen analysis.It was the subtropical climate,warm and damp,and the wind was weak at the lake level when the lake of Dalianhe Formation was developing.And that climate favored the formation of deep to semi-deep lake environment which was reducing and stable and easily made for oil shale.The achievements above will shape some theoretical foundations for exploring energy basins which are rich in resources of oil and gas,shale gas and coal-bed gas.