基于充填采煤的保水开采理论与实践应用

针对煤矿开采导致矿区水资源环境破坏的严重问题,根据矿区顶板含水层赋存特征,提出基于充填采煤的保水开采理论和技术。运用充填采煤顶板运移规律和控制机理,构建了充填采煤顶板含水层稳定性的力学模型,并得出了顶板含水层稳定性的边界条件,运用相似模拟试验分析验证了充填采煤对顶板含水层的保护机理及作用。研究结果表明:顶板稳定隔水层下沉量包括充前顶板下沉量、充后顶板下沉量和直接顶岩体特性下沉量,其破断的边界条件为hb≤Hb;随着密实充填率的增大,顶板稳定隔水层下沉量减小。通过对邢台煤矿充填工作面现场实测进行分析,发现应将充填体的密实充填率提高到68%以上,才能保证顶板含水层的完整性。

Theory of water protection and practice application in mining based on the backfilling mining technology

Aiming at the serious problem of water environmental damage caused by coal mining，the authors put forward the theory and technology of water protection in mining on the foundation of backfilling mining technology according to the occurrence characteristics of mine roof aquifer.Using the migration law and control mechanism of roof and floor in backfilling mining，the roof aquifer stability mechanical model of backfilling mining was built and the boundary condition keeping the roof aquifer stable was found.Through the similarity simulation experiment the article the protection mechanism of roof aquifer that the backfilling mining technology act on was analyzed and verified its accuracy.The research results show that the subsidence of stable roof aquifer includes the pre-filling roof subsidence，the roof subsidence after filling and the subsidence associated with direct roof characteristics of rock mass itself.The breaking boundary conditions of the stable roof aquifer is hb≤Hb.With the increase of dense pack rate，the subsidence of stable roof water-resisting layer reduces.Through analyzing the measured data in Xingtai coalmine filling workface，the fact is found that the dense pack rate of filling body must be above 68% in order to ensure the integrity of the roof aquifer.