高强度开采覆岩运移特征与机理研究

随着我国煤炭开采重心的西移,高强度开采已在西部省区大规模开展并将持续进行。通过研究亿吨级煤炭基地分布、服务定位、开采规模、地质条件及典型高强度开采煤矿覆岩运移观测数据,论述了高强度开采覆岩的破坏变形特征及其区域环境影响,给出了高强度开采覆岩“两带”高度计算公式。基于高强度开采工作面覆岩短时间产生剧烈破坏、非连续变形明显、不产生“蠕变”等基本特征,结合相似模拟及理论力学分析,系统论述了高强度开采覆岩的运移过程,提出了三维立体空间条件下的高强度开采覆岩运移的“弹性薄板”+“平行压力拱”复合机理模型,该机理模型合理揭示了高强度开采覆岩的运移过程和机理。

Characteristics and mechanism of overlying strata movement due to high-intensity mining

With China’s coal mining center shifts westward,a high-intensity mining has been carried out in the China’s western provinces and municipalities on a large scale and the trend will continue.The failure characteristics of ground movement and deformation,overlying strata and environmental impact were discussed,and the calculation formula of caving zone height and the height of water flowing fractured zone(“Two-zone” height) were given,based on the analysis on the distribution of coal bases,target location,annual output,geological conditions of coal and measured data from typical high-intensity mining coal mine.Based on the severe failure of overlying strata after mining,a large number of discontinuous deformations and no creep,the combination mechanism model “elastic thin plate” plus “parallel stress arch” that studying the failure of overlying strata was put forward.According to simulation and theoretical mechanics analysis,and the model was in line with the process and mechanism due to high-intensity coal mining face.