从铬渣中分离、回收铬的研究进展

铬渣是黑金属危险废物,但同时也是重要的含铬二次资源。目前处理铬渣的方法普遍存在解毒不彻底、成本较高、对环境易造成二次污染等缺点,而最理想的处理方法就是将铬渣中可能溶出进入环境的那部分Cr完全分离出来,同时将其以含Cr产品的形式进行回收利用。因此,研究从铬渣中有效的分离、回收铬,对于解决铬渣彻底解毒及其资源化利用的问题具有重大意义。在分析铬渣组分的基础上,全面概述了湿法和干法两类分离、回收铬渣中铬的方法。重点介绍了湿法分离回收法,阐述了其处理思路,对比分析了不同的浸取方式及回收方法。最后,总结指出浸取—微生物回收法以及氯化焙烧回收法有较好的处理效果和经济效益,以期为解决铬渣污染问题提供技术参考。

Research Progress of Separation and Recovery of Chromium from Chromite Ore Processing Residue

Chromite ore processing residue(COPR)is the heavy metal hazardous waste,but also is the important chromium-containing secondary resource.Presently the treatment way for the chromite processing residue has the characteristics that the detoxification is unthorough,the cost is relatively high and it is easy to bring secondary pollution to the environments.The ideal approach is that the part of chromite which may be into the enviroment is completely separated.Meanwhile,it can be recovered in the form of Cr products.Therefore,it is significant to solve the problems of complete detoxification and resource utilization of COPR by separating and recovering chromium from COPR effectively.On the basis of the analysis of the phase and chemical composition,the wet and dry methods used to separate and recover chromium were summarized and the wet separation method was emphasized,whose treatment way was stated.Meanwhile,the comparative analysis of different leaching methods and recovering way was carried on.Finally,it was summarized that the methods of leaching-microorganism and chloridizing roasting have good treatment effects and economical benefits with the expectation to provide technology and methodology references to solve the problem of COPR contamination and chromite resource shortage.