基于多种评价方法的复杂采空区群稳定性评价与分级研究

某露天转地下开采的石灰岩矿山由于早期开采不规范，在矿井内形成了多个采空区，严重影响矿山的安全生产。为消除采空区潜在的事故隐患，根据对相应空区的三维激光扫描探测结果，获取了12个空区的空间结构参数，建立了矿山复杂采空区的三维数值模型；利用顶板厚跨比法、简支梁模型分析法、Mathews 图解方法及矿柱安全系数法等方法评价了复杂采空区的稳定性，并划分了各采空区的稳定性等级。研究结果表明：3号空区和6号空区稳定性的评价结果为较不稳定，其他采空区的稳定性相对较好；3号空区不稳定是因为采空区顶板暴露面积较大或跨度较大，6号空区不稳定是因为采空区顶板厚度较薄。

Study on Stability Evaluation and Classification of Complex Goafs Group Based on Multiple Evaluation Methods

Due to the non-standard early mining in a limestone mine with transition from open pit to underground mining， there formed a number of goafs in the mine， which seriously affected the safe production of the mine. In order to eliminate the potential danger of goafs， the spatial structure parameters of 12 goafs are obtained and the 3D numerical model of complicated mine goafs are established according to the detection results of 3D laser scanning. Then， the stability of complex goafs are evaluated by adopting the thickness-span ratio method，the simply supported beam model analysis method， the Mathews graphical method and the pillar safety factor method. The results show that the stability of goaf No. 3 and goaf No. 6 is relatively low， and the stability of other goafs is relatively high. The un-stability of goaf No. 3 is due to the large exposed area or span of the roof， and the un-stability of goaf No. 6 is due to the thin roof thickness of goaf.