含砷铜矿石的生物浸出技术进展

铜矿石品位的降低增大了浮选的难度,浮选中砷的富集更大大增加了铜精矿的处理难度。用传统的火法冶炼技术处理含砷铜矿,不但会影响铜产品的质量,产生的废气还会造成环境污染。生物浸出技术具有低成本、资源利用率高、绿色环保等优点,成为有效处理含砷铜矿的重要技术之一。介绍了铜矿石中砷的赋存状态及其在冶炼过程中对铜产品的质量和硫酸产品产量的影响;论述了生物浸出含砷铜矿的研究现状,包括中温菌、高温菌、多种中高温菌的混合使用、加入催化离子或与化学浸出相结合等手段来提高铜的浸出率等;重点总结了浸矿细菌驯化、紫外诱变、化学诱变和基因工程等选育方法;指出选育出既能保持良好的浸出效率又对重金属离子有高的耐受性的优良菌种是今后研究的主要方向。

Advances in Bioleaching Technology of Arsenic-bearing Copper Ores

The grade of copper ore decreases gradually,and it is difficult to perform flotation.The enrichment of arsenic in copper ore greatly increases the difficulty of processing.The traditional smelting technique will not only affect the quality of copper products,but produce waste gases that cause the environment pollution.Bioleaching technology,with the advantages of low cost,high utilization of resources and environmental protection,has become one of the most important techniques for the treatment of arsenic-bearing copper ore.The present situation of arsenic in copper ore and its influence on the quality of copper products and the output of sulfuric acid products in the process of smelting were introduced.The research status of bioleaching arsenic-bearing copper mines is discussed,including:medium temperature bacteria,high temperature bacteria,the mixture of medium and high temperature bacteria,the addition of catalytic ions or the combination of chemical leaching and other means to improve the copper leaching rate;The breeding method of the leaching bacteria domestication,UV mutagenesis,chemical mutagenesis and genetic engineering are summarized.It is pointed out that the selection of good bacteria with maintaining good leaching efficiency and high tolerance to heavy metal ions in bacteria is the main direction of future research.