我国细粒铅锌矿浮选技术现状及发展

细粒铅锌矿较难回收的主要症结在于微细粒铅锌矿物的浮选捕集困难。为给细粒铅锌矿的高效、低成本回收提供技术参考,对其选矿工艺、设备及药剂的现状进行了分析,指出了细粒铅锌矿回收所存在的问题及措施,并对其选矿发展方向给出了建议。总结分析表明,细粒铅锌矿的高效回收主要依赖于新型高效选别药剂的研制、选矿方法的拓展、磨选工艺流程的优化及选矿设备的大型化、高效化。在新型高效选别药剂的研制方面,要借助表面胶体化学、量子化学理论和计算机辅助分子设计技术等的发展,研发能强化细粒铅锌矿物表面疏水化的特效药剂;对浮选效果不理想的矿泥可考虑开展低成本、高效率、低污染浸出工艺的研究,通过多选矿方法并举的工艺流程去破解单一浮选流程长、投资大、运行费用高的难题;对易磨、易泥化的细粒嵌布的铅锌矿石,除了应确定合适的磨矿细度、实施粗细分级分选工艺,还应充分考虑能收早收的阶段磨选工艺,减少铅锌矿物过粉碎;针对传统浮选设备普遍不适用细粒—微细粒铅锌矿回收的问题,应大力推行旋流-静态微泡浮选柱等新型、高效浮选设备的应用和优化改进。

The Current Situation and Development of Fine Grained Lead-Zinc Ore Flotation Technology in China

Difficulty in trapping microfine lead-zinc ore during flotation is the key problem for low recovery of the fine grained lead-zinc ore.In order to provide technical basis for high efficient recovery of fine lead-zinc ore at a low cost，the process，equipment，and reagents used in fine lead-zinc ore beneficiation were analyzed.Problems and measures existing in recover fine lead-zinc ore were put forward.Suggestions for development direction of fine lead-zinc ore were pointed out.The analysis results show that the high efficient recovery depends mainly on development of new high efficient separation agents，expansion of the beneficiation methods，optimization of the grinding and separation processes，and upsize and efficiency of floatation facilities.On the novel high efficient separation agents，relying on theories of surface and colloid chemistry，quantum chemistry and the computer-aided molecular design technique to develop special reagents which can enhance surface hydrophobicity of superfine lead-zinc minerals would be the research direction.For slime，which has poor flotation behavior，leaching process with low cost，high efficiency，and harmless to environment should be considered，through more separation methods combination to solve the problems of long single flotation process，large investment and high operation costs.For mosaic fine grained lead-zinc ore with easily ground and sliming，the appropriate grinding fineness and classification separation process should be determined，and also stage grinding and stage separation technology should be considered to decrease the overgrinding.About low recovery by using traditional flotation equipment to process fine-superfine lead-zinc minerals，the application and optimization of the high efficient flotation equipment，such as Cyclonic Staticmicro Bubble Flotation Column，should be vigorously promoted.