基于岩体结构数字识别技术的露天矿山边坡生态修复方案优选

露天矿边坡生态恢复是绿色矿山建设的重要组成部分，目前露天矿山边坡生态修复方案选取存在影响因素多、方案配置差和评价体系不健全的问题，开展露天矿边坡生态修复方案优选研究，对于我国绿色 矿山建设具有重要的推动作用。以铜山口矿山露天边坡为研究对象，采用三维重构和理论分析相结合的方法，利用高精度三维激光扫描技术，构建了铜山口矿山地表精细化数字模型，结合矿山边坡工程地质情况进行 边坡分区研究，得到7个边坡分区图；基于岩体结构数字识别技术获得各分区的边坡角度、高度和岩体节理裂隙密度参数，采用岩体BQ分类法对各个分区进行了岩体质量分级评价，结果表明：5区和7区边坡岩体质量等 级为Ⅰ级，1、2、4、6区边坡为Ⅱ级，3区边坡等级为Ⅲ级。在此基础上围绕边坡分区的岩体质量分级开展了边坡生态修复方案优选，研究表明：5区和7区边坡推荐采用厚层基材喷播技术，1、2、4、6区边坡推荐采用 三维网植被技术，3区边坡推荐采用客土喷播技术。上述分析进一步表明：通过采用岩体结构数字识别技术实现边坡科学分区、实现各区生态修复方案优选的方法，对于提高露天矿山边坡生态修复工作效率和质量有一 定的参考价值。

Optimization of Slope Ecological Restoration Scheme of Open-pit Mine Based on Digital Identification Technology of Rock Mass Structure

Open-pit slope ecological restoration is an important part of green mine construction. At present， there are many influencing factors， poor scheme allocation and imperfect evaluation system in the selection of open-pit slope ecological restoration scheme. The research on the optimization of open pit slope ecological restoration scheme plays an important role in promoting the construction of green mines in China. Taking the open-pit slope of Tongshankou mine as the research object， the surface fine digital model of Tongshankou mine is constructed by using the method of three-dimensional reconstruction and theoretical analysis and high-precision three-dimensional laser scanning technology. The slope zoning is studied in combination with the engineering geology of the mine slope， and seven slope zoning maps are obtained. Based on the digital identification technology of rock mass structure， the slope angle， height and rock mass joint fracture density parameters of each zone are obtained. The rock mass quality of each zone is evaluated by rock mass BQ classification method. The results show that the rock mass quality grade of zone 5 and zone 7 is grade I， Zone 1， 2， 4 and 6 is grade II， and zone 3 is grade III. On this basis， the optimization of slope ecological restoration scheme is carried out around the rock mass quality classification of slope zoning. The research shows that thick base material spraying technology is recommended for zone 5 and zone 7 slopes， three-dimensional network vegetation technology is recommended for zone 1， 2， 4 and 6 slopes， and guest soil spraying technology is recommended for zone 3 slopes. The above analysis further shows that the method of realizing the scientific zoning of slope and the optimization of ecological restoration scheme in each area by using the digital identification technology of rock mass structure has a certain reference value for improving the efficiency and quality of slope ecological restoration in open-pit mines.