国内外尾矿贮存堆放方法及应用

尾矿是全球数量最大的工业废渣,对环境、生态、社会和矿山投资运营有巨大影响,其贮存堆放除传统尾矿库外,还有其他方法技术。针对目前国内外的尾矿贮存技术现状,从尾矿形态、堆放形式和贮存场地3个方面,归纳了尾矿贮存堆放的分类形式,并根据近几十年全球尾矿库事故资料,说明传统尾矿库的高风险性和高事故率;通过列举国内外使用过滤干堆、膏体堆放、水体内贮存及废渣混合堆放等方法的部分矿山,介绍了各贮存方法的应用特点、使用环境及选用各方法需要考虑的因素;讨论了地域特色、尾矿设备、环保标准和运营经济性等对尾矿贮存新技术推广的影响,认为在尾矿贮存的研究和应用上,我国同矿业强国比较,有进步也有不足;最后提出在经济适用前提下,过滤尾矿干堆、膏体尾矿、胶结尾矿和组合技术等贮存方法,未来在我国还有发展空间。

Tailings Disposal Methods and Applications at Home and Abroad

As the largest amounts of industrial wastes in the world,mine tailings have great impact on environment,eco-system,society as well as mine investment and operation. Nowadays,besides of the traditional tailing ponds,there are new tech-niques developed for tailings storage and disposal. In view of the current situation of tailings disposal at home and abroad,the tailings storage methods are classified from three aspects of tailings pattern,type of storage and site of disposal facility. The a-nalysis on tailings failure cases in past decades in the world,indicated that the traditional disposal facility owns higher risk and higher rate of dam failure. Some cases that the mines utilized ways of filtered dry-storage,paste tailings disposal,submarine tail-ings disposal and tailing-waste mixed disposal are listed,and the feature and circumstance of tailings disposal methods and fac-tors needed to be considered before application are introduced. The influences on application of new tailings disposal technolo-gies are discussed, including site-specific feature, tailing equipment, environmental protection standards and economical effi-ciency in operation. Besides,it is indicated that there is some progress in research and application of tailing disposal methods, but still is a certain gap between China and the developed countries. Finally,it is proposed that some storage methods,including filtered tailings dry-storage,paste tailings disposal,cemented paste tailings disposal and hybrid technology,are promising for tailing treatment in China under high economic efficiency.