微地震监测技术在矿井灾害防治中的应用

煤矿中发生的岩爆、煤和瓦斯突出、出水等地质灾害，与岩体中的微地震现象有着必然的联系。首先介绍了微观尺度下声发射的力学机理。其次通过对微地震现象的定位和一些参数如频率、能量、分维数等的分析，说明了它们在灾害预报中的作用。已有的观测结果表明，频率的降低、大能量事件发生和分维数的减少都预示着地质灾害即将发生；然后归纳了采矿活动导致的岩石破裂产生的微震的力学机理，可分为高垂直应力、低侧压，高侧压、低垂直应力等4种剪切类型；最后介绍了澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织(CSIRO)与我国的兴隆庄煤矿进行的微地震方面的研究与合作，指出利用微地震来预报地质灾害和防灾减灾未来前景广阔。

Application of Microseismic Monitoring Method in Disaster Prevention of Underground Mine

The geological disasters in coal mines such as rockburst, coal and gas outburst and water inrush have inevitable relationship with the microseismic (MS) events in rockmass. The paper presents the micro mechanism of acoustic emission (AE), analyzes the location of MS events and some parameters such as AE frequency, AE energy and fractal number and describes their role in disaster forcasting. The observation results show that decreased frequecy, large energy events occurence and reduced fractal number all betoken a coming geological disaster. The mechanism of microseismic envents due to mining- induced rock fracture is summarised and classified into four types of shearing, namely high vertical stress, low side pressure, high side pressure and low vertical stress. The Sino-Australian (CSIRO) joint research on microseism in Xinglongzhuang Coal Mine is presented. It is pointed out that forcasting the geological disasters and their prevention and reduction by MS has a broad prospect.