我国资源化利用瘠性尾矿生产建筑材料的进展

采矿业产生了大量尾矿,尾矿库占用土地、污染环境,有时还存在安全隐患。建筑材料用料量巨大,日渐面临资源匮乏的困境,利用矿渣生产建筑材料可以同时解决上述2个问题。利用活性尾矿生产建筑材料的应用很成功,但瘠性尾矿应用难度更大,成功案例也少得多。介绍了瘠性矿渣用于烧结砖和蒸压砖、混凝土骨料、加气混凝土的成功应用,对瘠性尾矿资源化生产建筑材料进行了总结和展望。瘠性尾矿既能烧结或蒸压MU7.5-MU20的砖,能作为砖材添加料改善砖的性能,能用作细集料生产最高C100的混凝土;也能生产3~6 MPa强度的蒸压加气混凝土。为推动发展,尚需改变传统的"废物生产的东西不好"的错误观念,尚需各部门的协调与配合。可供瘠性尾矿资源化利用、矿山环境保护和尾矿库安全隐患治理参考。

Progress on the Utilization of Inert Tailings to Produce Building Materials in China

A large amount of tailings has been produced in mining industry，which occupy lands and pollute environment，and also induce hazard sometimes.Building materials demand is huge in China，meanwhile the natural resources has been in shortage.The utilization of tailings to produce building materials can solve the two problems mentioned above simultaneously.Cases of using active tailings to produce building materials are successful，but there are more difficulty in using inert tailings to produce building materials，and less successful cases.Successful application of inert tailings in sintered brick，autoclaved brick，concrete aggregate and aerated concrete are introduced，and progress on the utilization of inert tailings to produce building materials are reviewed and summarized.Inert tailings can be sintered or autoclaved to produce bricks of MU7.5-MU20.It can be as additive to improve the performance of the bricks，as well as fine aggregate in the production of concrete of C100.It can be autoclaved to produce aerated concrete with the highest strength 3~6 MPa.To promote the utilization of tailings，the misconception that products made from the waste are not good，should be converted.And more co-operation and coordination of different departments are needed.The research provides a reference for the utilization of inert tailings，environmental protection of the mine，and tailings management to avoid hazards.