底吹熔炼渣工艺矿物学研究

为了回收铜渣中的有价金属，采用XRF、XRD、SEM、EDS和BPMA等分析手段对底吹熔炼铜渣进行了工艺矿物学研究，查明了熔炼渣的主要成分、主要矿物成分、铜物相赋存状态，并对渣中重要矿物相的嵌布 特征、嵌布粒度和主要矿物解离度进行了深入研究，结果表明：①熔炼渣中主要有价金属为Cu、Fe、Pb、Zn等，杂质成分主要为SiO2。②熔炼渣中主要矿物为冰铜、铁橄榄石、铁酸盐和玻璃相；主要含铜矿物为冰铜 、金属铜、黄铜矿和氧化铜等，以冰铜含量最高，分布率为92.69%。③熔炼渣中冰铜粒度分布不均匀，主要呈粗细不等的粒状或圆点状分布于渣中，与硫化铅、铁橄榄石、玻璃相、铁酸盐等矿物嵌布关系密切。④金 属铜主要呈长粒状和圆粒状，产出的多数金属铜被铁酸盐、铁橄榄石、玻璃相等矿物包裹或连生。⑤铁酸盐在放大后呈叶状雏晶，与金属铜和冰铜关系密切，易与铁橄榄石和其他硫化矿紧密共生。⑥铁橄榄石与金属 铜和冰铜关系密切，与铁酸盐相互包裹、夹杂、连生组成熔渣的基底物相。⑦玻璃相充填于铁酸盐、铁橄榄石、金属铜、冰铜粒间起胶黏作用。⑧主要含铜矿物金属铜与冰铜的单体解离度较低，分别为46.13%和 33.81%，主要分布于-0.038+0.020 mm粒级内，因此对粗粒冰铜和金属铜进行回收的同时，也应注重细粒冰铜和金属铜的回收。

Study on Process Mineralogy of Bottom Blown Smelting Slag

In order to recycle the valuable metals in the copper slag,the analysis methods,such as XRF,XRD,SEM,EDS and BPMA,were used to study process mineralogy of the bottom blowing smelting copper slag. The main composition of smelting slag,main minerals components,copper phase occurrence state were found out. The embedded characteristics,disseminated granularity and dissociation degree of the important mineral phases in the slag were studied. The results showed that:(1) The main valueable metal in the smelting slag are Cu,Fe,Pb and Zn,and the impurity components is mainly SiO₂.(2) The main minerals in the smelting slag are matte,iron olivine,ferrite and glass phase. The main copper-bearing minerals are matte,metallic copper,chalcopyrite and copper oxide,and the contents of matte is the highest,with the distribution rate of 92.69%.(3) The distribution of particle size of matte in the smelting slag is not uniform,mainly in the form of granule or round point distribution in the slag,which is closely related to the distribution of lead sulfide,iron olivine,glass phase and ferrite.(4) The metal copper is mainly long granular and round granular,and most of the produced copper was wrapped or connected by ferrite,iron olivine and glass phase.(5) Ferrite is lobate matted crystal after amplification. Ferrite is closely related to metal copper and matte and is closely associated with iron olivine and other sulfide ores.(6) Iron olivine is closely related to metal copper and matte,wrapping or aggregating the ferrite phase,which formed the base phase of molten slag.(7) The glass phase is filled between ferrite,iron olivine,metal copper and matte,take the role of the adhensive.(8) The monomer dissociation degrees of metal copper and matte are low,which are 46.13% and 33.81%,respectively,and mainly distributed in the range of 0.020 and 0.038 mm. Therefore,it’s important to paid attention to the recovery of fine matte and metal copper when recycle the coarse matte and metal copper.