硅酸盐细菌生长及对硅酸盐矿物中硅铝的浸溶

为了找到能从高硅含量的硅酸盐矿物中脱硅的细菌,利用常规微生物筛选技术,从硅酸盐肥料中筛选到1株编号为JXF菌株,通过形态学研究,并与标准的胶质芽孢杆菌等硅酸盐细菌的生化特征比较,表明JXF细菌为胶质芽孢杆菌。摇瓶浸矿试验表明,硅酸盐细菌具有较强的活化、吸持硅酸盐矿物中硅、铝的能力,以高岭石为底物,培养2~6d,接灭活菌上清液中硅的含量均高于接菌组中硅的含量,细菌吸持的硅含量占解硅量的90%左右,细菌数越多,细胞吸持的硅也多。通过对浸渣主要矿物物相分析,表明层状结构的硅酸盐矿物如高岭石、伊利石等较易被细菌作用而释放出其中的硅、铝、钾等元素。

Research on Growth of Silicate Bacteria and Their Leaching and Dissolution of Silicon and Aluminium in Silicate Minerals

In order to find out bacteria that may liberate silicon in silicate minerals with high silicon content, one strain numbered JXF was isolated from silicate fertilizer by the routine microbial screening technique. Based on the research on morphology and comparison of biochemical features of silicate bacteria such as standard bacillus mucilaginosus, it shows that JXF bacterium is a bacillus mucilaginosus. The leaching ore test of a test bottle shows that the silicate bacteria have strong ability to activate and absorb the silicon and aluminium in the silicate minerals. Kaolinite is served as action object and cultivated for 2~ 6 days. The results indicate that the silicon content of inoculating inactivated bacteria in the supernatant is higher than that in inoculating bacteria group and the silicon content absorbed by bacteria is about 90% of the silicon liberation amount. The more the bacteria are, the more the silicon is absorbed by cells. The analysis of main phases in the leached slag shows that lamellar structured silicate minerals such as kaolinite and illite are easy to relesae the silicon, aluminium and potassium in them due to action of the bacteria.