尾矿库的安全评价和风险管理

尾矿库的风险管理和风险评价仍然缺乏法规条件和技术基础。应该着手建立尾矿库失事概率分析和失事所造成的经济损失和生命损失估算基础上的风险评价体系。不仅论证尾矿库工程安全，而且和下游地区的经济发展、公共安全相联系，把能够降低下游风险的非工程措施放在重要位置。这个体系的主要目标应该是：建立完整的法规体系；逐步研究形成一套系统的、完善的分析理论、方法和技术；建立尾矿库的可接受风险和容忍风险的风险标准；对下游人员、经济、社会、环境损失做出评价，对尾矿库的风险做出判断，给出制定各类预案的指南。

Safety Evaluation and Risk Management of Tailings Reservoirs

The risk management and evaluation of tailings reservoirs lack both legal conditions and technical basis.A risk evaluation system should be set up based on their failure probability analysis and the economic and life loss of tailings reservoir failures.The engineering safety of tailings reservoirs should be related with the economic development and public safety in the downstream area, and the non-engineering measures capable of reducing the downstream risks should be stressed.The main objectives of this system include: establishing a complete legal system; gradually forming a systematic and perfect system of analysis theory, method and technology; setting up a risk standard for the acceptable risks and tolerable risks of tailings reservoirs; evaluating the losses of downstream personnel, economy, society and environment, judging the risks of tailings reservoirs and working out the guidance for various emergency rescue plans.