基于品位控制模型的露天铀矿爆破流程优化

湖山铀矿矿体形态复杂、厚度不稳定且有用组分分布不均，采用露天开采方法，利用地质资源模型进行爆区的爆破设计时，受限于模型精度低，矿、废石界线不够准确，时常达不到预期的爆破效果，导致采矿贫化率和损失率偏高。品位控制模型是基于单个爆区的炮孔品位数据进行创建，模型精度较高，可较为准确地反映该爆区矿、废石的实际分布情况，可为爆破设计提供可靠依据。由于炮孔品位数据仅在钻孔、测井之后获得，故需对传统的爆破流程进行优化。在爆区矿、废石界线清晰，且各自分布相对集中的情况下，可通过改变爆破装药量、装药结构以及连线方式等手段，有助于实现矿、废石爆破分离，进一步降低采矿贫化率和损失率。从品位控制模型研究入手，对传统爆破流程进行了优化，并选择合适的爆区进行了分离爆破试验，结果显示：爆破流程优化后可有效降低爆区的贫化率。研究表明：基于品位控制模型对湖山铀矿进行爆破设计流程优化，可有效改善采矿质量和效率，基本满足现代矿山精细化管理的要求。

Blasting Process Optimization Based on Grade Control Model in Open pit Uranium Mine

Husab Uranium Deposit is characterized by complex orebody shape,unstable thickness and uneven distribution of useful components.When open pit mining method is adopted and geological resource model is used in blasting design of blasting area,due to the low precision of model,the boundary between ore and waste rock is not accurate enough,the expected blasting effect is often not achieved,resulting in high dilution rate and loss rate of mining.The grade control model is established based on the hole grade data of a single blasting area.The model has the advantage of high accuracy,which can reflect the actual distribution of ore and waste rock in the blasting area more accurately,and provide reliable basis for blasting design.Since the borehole grade data can only be obtained after drilling and logging,the traditional blasting process needs to be optimized.Under the condition that the boundary line between ore and waste rock is clear and their distribution is relatively concentrated in the blasting area,the blasting separation of ore and waste rock can be realized by changing the blasting charge,charging structure and connecting mode,and further reduce the mining dilution rate and loss rate.On the basis of the study of grade cotrolling model,the original blasting process is optimized,and the separation blasting test is done by selecting the proper blasting area.The test results show that the dilution rate of the blasting area is effectively reduced by the optimization of blasting process.The study results indicated that the blasting design process optimization of Husab Uranium Mine based on grade control model can effectively improve the mining quality and efficiency,and basically meet the requirements of modern mine fine management.