Li、Na、K基蒙脱石的基因特性与其水化膨胀特性的关系

为了研究 Li，Na，K 基蒙脱石的基因特性对水化膨胀特性的影响，采用氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾对离心提纯后的怀俄明型钠基蒙脱石进行改型处理，制备出 Li、Na、K 基蒙脱石样品，并进行了水化膨胀试验，之后采用 ICP、FTIR、XRD、NMR 等方法分析了 Li、Na、K 基蒙脱石的元素含量、官能团种类、水化膨胀状态下层间距变化及水分赋存状态。结果表明，Li 基蒙脱石的羟基伸缩振动峰和羟基弯曲振动峰强度高于 Na 基和 K 基蒙脱石，改型蒙脱石的水化膨胀能力由强到弱排序为：Li 基＞Na 基＞K 基，Li、Na、K 基蒙脱石在水化膨胀状态下均有结合水和自由水 2 种水分，含水量排序为：Li 基＞Na 基＞K 基，水化膨胀后 Li 基蒙脱石的层间距增加最多，K 基蒙脱石的层间距增加最少。研究结论为揭示蒙脱石的结构内水赋存机理和综合利用提供了重要的理论基础。

Study on Hydration Swelling Characteristics and Mechanism of Li，Na and K-based Montmorillonite

In order to study the influence of the genetic characteristics of Li，Na，K-based montmorillonite on the hydration swelling characteristics，using the lithium chloride，sodium chloride，potassium chloride type of centrifugal purification after Wyoming sodium montmorillonite modification processing，preparation of Li，Na，K montmorillonite samples，and the hydration swelling test，after using ICP，FTIR，XRD，NMR methods to analyze the Li，Na，K element content of montmorillonite，the type of functional groups，under the state of hydration swelling，layer spacing changes and moisture state. Results show that Li based montmorillonite hydroxyl stretching vibration peak and hydroxy bending vibration peak strength higher than that of Na and K based montmorillonite，modification of montmorillonite hydration swelling capacity from strong to low order as: Li base＞Na base＞K base，Li，Na，K montmorillonite in the condition of hydration swelling are bound water and free water moisture，moisture content to include: Li base＞Na base＞K base，after hydration swelling，the layer spacing of Li base increased the most，while that of K base montmorillonite increased the least. This conclusion provides an important theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of internal water occurrence and comprehensive utilization of montmorillonite.