金属矿山风险监测物联网关键技术研究现状与发展趋势

金属矿山开采作业过程中,有毒气体、透水、矿井塌陷等对施工作业人员的安全带来了巨大威胁,因此,基于金属矿山施工过程的风险监测及预警的物联网应用具有重要意义。介绍了面向金属矿山施工安全风险监测的物联网应用的体系架构,分析了当前技术的发展概况,并阐述了金属矿山风险监测物联网应用的意义和必要性。以数据采集、数据传输、数据融合、数据分析等技术为重点研究对象,分析、整理和研究了国内外相关成果。从专用特种传感器、时空演变多维数据融合、可靠实时无线数据传输等几个方面指出了当前技术的发展现状和存在的不足,并对存在的问题进行了剖析,指明了当前工作面临的主要挑战,即:①国产芯片受制于人,特别是面向专用领域的传感器芯片;②对风险监测数据的分析缺乏时间、空间的多维度分析;③矿井复杂、密闭的巷道结构使得无线数据传输的实时性和可靠性受到影响;④新技术应用相对滞后。在充分研究国内外物联网行业的技术发展动态后,以人工智能、边缘计算等新技术为突破点,阐述了金属矿山风险监测的物联网技术未来发展的方向。

Study Progress and Development Trends on Key Technologies for Metal Mine Risk Monitoring of Internet of Things

During the mining process of metal mines,there are great threats to the safety of miners,such as toxic gases,water gushing-out,and mine collapse and so on.Therefore,the application of Internet of Things(IoT)for risk monitoring and early warning of metal mine construction process is of great significance.The architecture of IoT applications for metal mine construction safety risk monitoring is proposed,and the current status and trends of technology development is studied,and the significance and necessity of metal mine risk monitoring IoT applications is expounded.Focusing on data acquisition,data transmission,data fusion and data analysis technologies,relevant study results at home and abroad are analyzed and studied.The current development status and shortcomings are pointed out from special sensors,multi-dimensional data fusion of spacetime evolution,reliable real-time wireless data transmission,etc.. There are four main challenges in the current work:①domestic chips are subject to abroad,especially sensor chips for special fields;②the analysis of risk monitoring data lacks multi-dimensional analysis of time and space;③the complex and closed tunnel structure in underground mining makes the wireless data affected in real time and reliability;④the application of new technology is relatively lagging.After fully studying the technological development trends of the IoT both at home and abroad,the future development directions of IoT technology for metal mine risk monitoring is pointed out,including artificial intelligence,edge computing and so on.