采场围岩变形与破坏监测技术研究进展及展望

深部煤炭资源开发面临更多复杂、多变、高难的开采地质问题,采场围岩形态结构是矿井安全生产的重要评价指标之一,开展采场围岩变形与破坏测是判别矿井隐蔽致灾地质问题的重要技术保障。在煤炭工业快速发展的近20余年时间里,围岩体形变监测技术取得了长足的进步,基于矿山采场围岩体变形与破坏的影响因素,按照监测形式对监测技术进行了划分,归纳了当前用于矿山采场围岩变形与破坏监测的钻孔测试技术、地球物理探测技术、光纤监测技术及其他测量技术及其特点,结合煤层顶底板、巷道两帮空间监测的工程应用实例,介绍了不同监测技术的主要进展、优缺点以及适用性,讨论了探测技术的革新趋势和未来矿井安全生产中采场围岩变形与破坏监测技术的发展方向。同时,也认识到现有监测技术虽然已取得显著的监测效果,但是仍不能够满足矿井现代化、智能化生产需要。对于监测技术的进步而言,既需要技术装备的不断优化,更是要跨学科、跨专业科学技术理论的完善与更新。在当前地学大数据、云计算、人工智能新一轮科技创新基础上,今后采场围岩变形与破坏的监测技术必然向多元化、多参数、智慧化、全程监控的方向发展,监测方式也将不断地向可视化、动态化的监测预警模式过渡,融合监测技术发挥多参数的作用将越来越重要。

Prospect and progress of deformation and failure monitoring technology of surrounding rock in stope

The development of deep coal resources is facing more mining geological problems which are complex,changeable and difficult.The morphology and structure of the surrounding rock of the stope is one of the important evaluation indexes of the mine safety production,and the deformation and destruction test of the surrounding rock of the stope is an important technical guarantee to distinguish the geological problems caused by hidden disasters in the mine.In recent 20 years of rapid development of coal industry,considerable progress has been made in deformation testing technology of surrounding rock masses.Based on the influencing factors of deformation and destruction of the surrounding rock mass in mining area,the testing technology is divided according to the testing methods.At present,the drilling test technology,geophysical test technology,optical fiber test technology and other measurement technologies applied to the deformation and failure test of the surrounding rock in the mining area and their characteristics are summarized.The test technology and other measurement technologies and their characteristics,combined with the engineering application examples of coal seam roof and floor and two sides of roadway,the paper introduced the main progress,advantages and disadvantages and applicability of different test technologies,discussed the innovation trend of the detection technology and the development direction of the test technology of the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock in the future mine safety production.At the same time,it is also recognized that although the existing testing technology has achieved significant results,it still cannot meet the needs of modern and intelligent production.For the progress of testing technology,it is necessary to continuously optimize the technical equipment,but also to improve and update the scientific and technological theories across disciplines.On the basis of the current scientific and technological innovations assisted by geological big data,,cloud computing and artificial intelligence,the testing technology of the surrounding rock deformation and damage must be developed in the direction of diversification,multi-parameter,intelligence and full-time monitoring in the future.The test mode will continue to transit to the visual and dynamic monitoring and early warning mode.It will play an increasingly important role in fusion testing technology.