缓倾斜层状石膏矿开采沉陷相似模拟

采用相似模拟的实验方法,模拟了衡山石膏矿开采上覆岩层的破断、运移特征及导水裂隙带发育高度和开采沉陷规律,并对其开采沉陷进行了实测。相似模拟结果表明:当矿房跨度大于10m时,采空区上覆岩层开始产生竖向裂隙和层间水平裂隙;随着矿房跨度的增大,直接顶呈悬臂梁结构破断而逐渐逐层垮落,老顶则出现了初次来压和几次周期性来压;当矿房跨度为164m时,地面已整体塌陷,最终垮落带高度和层间水平裂隙发育高度分别为55m和94.5m,为采空区高度的18.3倍和31.5倍;地表沉降的最大值和地面塌陷的影响范围分别为115cm和342m,与其实测结果吻合良好,且两者的相对误差分别为15%和2.3%。

Similar simulation of mining subsidence of gently inclined bedded gypsum mine

The broken characteristics, the movement law, the height of the transmissive fractured belt and the mining subsidence of the overlying strata of a gypsum mine in Hengshan are investigated by similar material simulation experimental method, and the practical surface subsidence was measured. The similar material simulation results show that the overlying strata of the goaf of the gypsum mine begins to produce the vertical transmissive fractured belt and the horizontal transmissive fractured belt between layers when the room span is more than 10 m. The immediate roof of a cantilever beam structure begins to break and gradaully collapses layer by layer with the room span increases, and the first weighting and the periodic weighting of the main roof appears with the room span increases. The surface collapse happens to appearance when the room span is 164 m, and the height of the caving zone and the height of the horizontal transmissive fractured belt between layers are 55 m and 94.5 m respectively, which is 18.3 times and 31.5 times that the height of the goaf. The maximum of the surface subsidence and the range of the influence of the mining subsidence are 115 cm and 342 m, which is good agreement with the measured results, and the relative error between the simulation result and the measured result are 15% and 2.3%.