基于坑内排水的露天矿疏干排水模式可行性研究

以刚果（金）SCM铜钴矿为研究背景，采用物探方法对原迪马矿区排水工程和SCM强排工程的水文地质情况进行动态监测。监测结果表明受地质构造影响，矿区存在两大主径流带，分别为M坑东北部主径流带和D坑北部主径流带，由此提出矿区构造控水理论；主径流带地下水动力场最强的层位为RSC，其含水介质结构为以溶缝为纽带、将不同级别的溶孔、溶洞串联起来构成的岩溶含水系统，底部具有明显隔水边界；地下水以管道流为主，渗流为辅。含水层之间联系密切，地下水渗透阻力小，坡度缓，连通性好，下部含水层排水，能起到降低不同含水层水位效果，说明以坑内排水为主，疏干井为辅疏干模式是行之有效的；坑内排水条件下造成上部土质边坡内部的基质吸力对边坡稳定有利，进一步验证了坑内排水模式的可行性和优越性。

Feasibility study on open pit drainage model based on pit drainage

The SCM copper cobalt mine in Congo (Kinshasa) was selected as research background, and the hydrogeological conditions of the drainage project in the original Dima mining area and the high-intensity drainage project in SCM were dynamically monitored using the geophysical prospecting method. The monitoring results indicate that affected by the geological structure, there are two major runoff zones in the mining area, i.e., the main runoff zone in the northeast of pit M and the main runoff zone in the north of pit D. Thus, the theory of tectonic water control in mining area is proposed. The strongest layer of groundwater dynamic field in the main runoff zone is RSC, whose water-bearing medium structure is a karst water-bearing system with the linkage of different levels of karst pores and cavities utilizing a dissolution seam, and an obvious impermeable boundary exists in the bottom. Moreover, Groundwater is dominated by pipe flow and supplemented by seepage. Three aspects, including aquifers with a close connection, groundwater with low infiltration resistance, lower slope and good connectivity, and drainable lower aquifer, play significant roles in reducing the water level of different aquifers effect, indicating that the drainage model of mainly in-pit drainage, supplemented by dewatering wells is effective. The matrix suction in the upper soil slope under the condition of pit drainage is beneficial to the stability of the slope, further verifying the feasibility and superiority of the proposed drainage mode.