基质配置对潮汐流人工湿地处理稀土矿山含氨氮地表水效果的影响

人工湿地（Constructed Wetland，CW）可对稀土矿工业开采遗留的氨氮污染废水进行高效生态化处理。添加铁碳和生物炭材料构建四组潮汐流人工湿地，研究不同淹没空置比（F/D）条件下铁碳和生物炭添加方式及位置对湿地脱氮效果的影响。结果表明，控制F/D=6 h/6 h（水流淹没湿地床体6 h后排水空置6 h后下一批次进水），进水NH4+-N为40±2.37 mg/L, CWFeC2（NO.2 Fe-C substrate Constructed Wetland）对NH4+-N有较好的脱氮效果，平均去除率86.44%±3.28%，最高去除率89.72%，CWB（Biochar based Constructed Wetland）对总氮（TN）有较好的去除效果，最高去除率51.12%。高通量测序分析结果显示，生物炭基质湿地Alpha多样性指数各指标均大于铁碳基质湿地。具有固氮作用的变形菌门在CWFeC1和CWFeC2中占比70%以上，在CWB中占比40%以上，是最主要的脱氮菌群。在CWB中发挥好氧硝化作用的硝化螺旋菌占比15%以上，酸杆菌门存在近10%，能适应酸性条件且具有一定脱氮作用。本实验的进行对稀土矿山含氨氮废水的生态化处理具有一定的参考应用价值，为相关领域填补空缺并提供一定的数据支持。

Effect of substrate configuration on the treatment of Ammonia nitrogen containing surface water in rare earth mines by tidal flow Constructed wetland

Constructed wetland (CW) can efficiently and ecologically treat ammonia nitrogen-polluted wastewater left by the rare earth mining industry. Add Fe-C and Biochar materials to build four groups of tidal flow Constructed wetlands, and study the impact of Fe-C and Biochar addition methods and locations on wetland nitrogen removal under different submerged vacancy ratios (F/D). The results showed that the submerged vacancy ratio was controlled at F/D=6 h/6 h(6 hours submerged, 6 hours vacant), and the NH4+-N influent concentration was 40 ± 2.37 mg/L. CWFeC2 had a good denitrification effect on NH4+-N, with an average removal rate of 86.44%±3.28% and a maximum removal rate of 89.72%. In addition, CWB has a good removal effect on TN, with a maximum removal rate of 51.12%. The results of high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the alpha Diversity index of biochar-based wetland was higher than that of iron carbon-based wetland. Proteobacteria accounts for more than 70% of CWFeC1 and CWFeC2, and more than 40% of CWB, which is the main denitrogenation bacteria group with Nitrogen fixation. The Nitrospirae that play an aerobic Nitrification role in CWB account for more than 15%, and Acidobacteria exist for nearly 10%, which can adapt to acidic conditions and have a certain nitrogen removal effect. The conduct of this experiment has certain reference application value for the ecological treatment of rare earth mine wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, filling the gap in related fields and providing certain data support.