煤矿采空区失稳灾害防控技术研究现状及展望

针对煤矿采空区失稳灾害,基于灾害类型及危害分析,从煤矿采空区失稳灾害的机理、评价方法和控制技术3个层面系统总结归纳了我国煤矿采空区失稳灾害防控技术研究的现状与进展,并探讨了其存在的主要问题。研究表明:煤矿采空区失稳诱发的灾害类型主要为地面塌陷及其诱发的次生灾害、大面积采空区突然失稳诱发的矿震灾害、井下(顶板或覆岩、气浪等)冲击引起的设备损坏及作业人员危害;煤矿采空区失稳灾害中复杂致灾理论研究比如采空区失稳灾变链式机理、断链减灾的控制理论与方法、灾变期间的监测预警技术等将是今后研究的重点。

Present Situation and Prospect of Research on Prevention and Control Technologies of Coal Mine Goaf Instability Disaster

Aiming at the instability disaster of coal mine goaf,based on the disaster type and hazard analysis,the present situation and progress of the research on the prevention and control technology of the mine goaf instability hazards in China are systematically summarized from the three aspects of the mechanism,evaluation method and control technology of the mine goaf instability hazards,and the main problems are discussed.The research shows that the main types of disasters induced by goaf instability are ground collapse and secondary disasters induced by it,mine earthquake disasters induced by sudden instability in large area of goaf,equipment damage caused by underground(roof or overburden,air wave,etc.)and hazards of operators.The research on the theory of complex disaster in goaf instability,such as the chain mechanism of goaf instability,the control theory and method of chain breaking and disaster reduction,and the monitoring and early warning technology during the disaster,will be the focus of future research.