铜冷却壁氢脆破坏现象的试验

 铜材氢脆现象是造成高炉铜冷却壁损坏的可能原因之一，但目前并未得到试验证实。模拟高炉工作环境对铜冷却壁材质进行了渗氢保温处理，在实验室条件下重现了高炉铜冷却壁氢脆现象，并采用金相显微观察、扫描电镜观察、氢氧质量分数检测及显微硬度测试等方法对铜冷却壁基体材质的微观形貌、元素质量分数及宏观使用性能等进行了表征。试验结果表明，在铜冷却壁异常工作条件下，将有可能产生铜材氢脆破坏作用；氢脆现象发生后，铜冷却壁内部将产生大量沿晶界分布的孔洞缺陷乃至晶界裂纹，且铜冷却壁宏观使用性能将出现显著下降；在炼铁生产中应严格控制铜冷却壁使用制度，防止氢脆现象发生以延长其寿命，保证高炉安全、稳定生产。

Experiment on hydrogen-embrittlement-caused failure of copper cooling stave

Hydrogen embrittlement is considered as a possible damage reason of copper cooling stave，but this view point haven’t been proved by experiments. Copper specimens from copper cooling staves was treated with a hydrogen permeation and heat preservation process under a simulated blast furnace working condition，and the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon of copper was repeated under laboratory condition. The microstructure，mass percents of elements and macro working performance of copper were respectively characterized by metallographic microscope，scanning electron microscope，the mass percents of hydrogen and oxygen test and microhardness test. The results show that the copper cooling staves may be damaged by hydrogen embrittlement when working under abnormal conditions. When the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon appears，large quantity of hole defect or even cracks will form around the grain boundaries，then the working performance of copper cooling staves will reduce significantly. The working condition of copper cooling stave should be carefully controlled during ironmaking process to avoid hydrogen embrittlement and keep blast furnace working safely and steadily.