高强度不锈钢应用及研究进展

高强度不锈钢因其优异的综合性能及成熟的生产工艺,已成为航空、航天、海洋、石化工程等高端制造业领域的重要材料。系统回溯高强度不锈钢的发展及应用历程,总结此类钢的强韧化机理及最新研究进展,并详细梳理了影响该钢的氢陷阱行为及氢脆抗力的主要因素。结合现有研究成果,提出了采用多种类纳米级第二相颗粒复合析出强化突破高强度不锈钢强韧性匹配极限的思路;通过调控钢中析出相及逆转变奥氏体的交互析出行为,提高后者的机械、化学稳定性,使其作为钢中裂纹及可扩散氢的双重“陷阱”,从而提高钢的裂纹及氢脆抗力。最后指出未来新型高强度不锈钢的研发须重点关注以材料基因算法、人工神经网络、机器学习为代表的“人工智能化”合金设计理念。

Progress of application and research on high strength stainless steel

High strength stainless steels (HSSSs) play a vitally important role as a material candidate applied into advancing manufacturing industries, such as aeronautics and astronautics, maritime engineering, and petroleum engineering, due to the excellent service performance and mature production processes. The development and application history of HSSSs is systematically reviewed. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms of this steel grade as well as iron-based materials and the latest research results on the topic are also summarized. Besides, the primary factors exerting impact on the hydrogen trapping behavior and hydrogen embrittlement resistance of HSSSs are analyzed. Based on the current results, it is further proposed that the co-strengthening of multiple nano-scale secondary phases is a promising pathway to break through the limit of strength-toughness synergy. Both the mechanical and chemical stability of reversed austenite can be enhanced by tuning the precipitation interaction between the precipitates and reversed austenite. Stable austenite phase acts as a dual “trap” of both cracks and diffusible hydrogen atoms, which effectively improves the resistance of cracking and hydrogen embrittlement. It is eventually suggested that special attention should be paid to the “artificial intelligent” alloy designing concepts, including materials genetic algorithm, artificial neural network, and machine learning, for the future research and development of HSSSs.