锑铋渣低温熔炼新工艺研究

为了解决锑铋渣传统冶炼工艺过程中存在的工艺流程长、高盐废水排放量大、铋产品品位低等问题,提出采用低温熔炼的新工艺处理锑铋渣,并开展了实验室小试研究。研究结果表明,低温熔炼新工艺可用于处理锑铋渣,能有效实现锑铋的分离,生产出铋质量分数大于77%、锑质量分数小于3%的高铋合金;在熔剂率为30%,还原剂率为3%,保温时间为60 min,反应温度为1 050 ℃的最佳工艺条件下进行低温熔炼,铋金属的直收率达到99%以上,锑金属的脱除率达到95%以上;低温熔炼工艺流程短,金属直收率高,能有效解决锑铋的分离问题,为含铋废渣的资源化利用提供的良好的思路。对低温熔炼的后续工艺进行了展望,提出了一条绿色、经济、清洁的锑铋渣生产铋金属的工艺。

Study on new low-temperature smelting process of antimony bismuth slag

In order to solve the problems existing in the traditional smelting process of bismuth metal, such as long process flow, large discharge of high salt wastewater and low grade of bismuth products, a new method for treating antimony-bismuth slag by low-temperature smelting was put forward, and the laboratory study was carried out. The results showed that the new low-temperature smelting process can be used to treat antimony bismuth slag, which can effectively realize the separation of antimony and bismuth, and produce high bismuth alloy containing more than 77% bismuth and less than 3% antimony. Under the optimal technological conditions of flux rate of 30%, reducing agent rate of 3%, holding time of 60 min and reaction temperature of 1 050 ℃, the direct yield of bismuth reached more than 99%, and the removal rate of antimony was over 95%. The low-temperature smelting process was short and the metal direct yield was high, which can effectively solve the separation problem of antimony and bismuth, and provide a good idea for the resource utilization of bismuth-containing waste slag. A green, economical and environmentally friendly process for antimony and producing bismuth from bismuth slag was proposed.