高温深井通风降温技术的适用条件研究

随着矿山开采深度的不断增加，“三高一扰动”恶劣开采环境问题日益突出，给矿井通风降温工作带来极大困难。对于深井矿山，仅采用通风降温难以满足深部开采的需要，系统研究高温深井矿山通风降温技术的适用性问题，对矿山深部开采具有重要的理论意义和工程适用价值。首先从热力学角度，揭示风流在通风线路中的热交换规律；其次利用差分法原理计算深井筒风流温度，并依此推导出巷道和回采工作面风流温度变化趋势；然后结合采场安全生产允许温度进行反推，最终获取通风降温条件下的可采极限深度计算公式，并选取广西铜坑矿锌多金属矿体作为工程应用试验区进行论证分析。结果表明：基于风流的热交换模型可以推导出风流在井筒、巷道及工作面的温度计算公式，该公式与低温梯度、风流流经路径长度有关；假定工作面温度达到安全开采允许最高温度，可反推出该条件下矿山可采极限深度和巷道通风极限长度（仅采用通风降温措施时）；基于铜坑矿区锌多金属矿的实际条件，代入相关数据，验证计算所得极限开采深度符合实际，即所推导公式是可行的。

Study on Applicable Conditions of High Temperature Deep Well Ventilation Cooling Technology

With the extension of mining to the deep，the harsh mining environment of “three high and one flexible” is becoming increasingly prominent，among which the high temperature thermal hazard is a complex problem.In the process of mine production，under the influence of high temperature and heat environment，the air flow in mine roadway exchanges moisture and heat in high temperature and heat environment，which makes the air flow temperature rise，and then induces a series of problems，which eventually lead to a series of problems，such as difficulty in ventilation management，decline of production capacity，deterioration of working environment and so on.Because of the large depth of the mine，it is more difficult to ventilate and cool down the mine.During the period of mine ventilation，air flow is discharged from the surface along the shaft，roadway to the working face and through the return air shaft.During the above process，the air flow exchanges greatly with the mine environment in the shaft，roadway and working face，and the nature of air flow changes accordingly. Exploring the temperature variation characteristics of air flow in three stages of shaft，roadway and working face is helpful to determine the appropriate mining depth and choose the appropriate cooling mode. For deep mines，it is difficult to meet the need of deep mining only by using ventilation cooling technology.Reveal romantic from the perspective of thermodynamics in the heat exchange law ventilation circuit principle of finite difference method was used to calculate deep wellbore temperature，and in this roadway and the working temperature change trend was deduced，combined with the mine safety production permit back-stepping，temperature eventually acquire ventilation cooling recoverable under the condition of the limit depth formula.Guangxi copper mine zinc polymetallic ore body was sellected as engineering application test area，to analyzed the formula.The results show that the heat exchange model based on airflow can deduce the calculation formula of airflow temperature in wellbore，roadway and working face.Assuming that the working face temperature reaches the maximum allowable temperature for safe mining，the mining limit depth and the ventilation limit length of the roadway under this condition can be deduced reversely （when ventilation and cooling measures are adopted only）.Based on the actual conditions of the zinc polymetallic ore in the Tong-keng mining area，relevant data are brought in to verify that the calculated limit mining depth is in line with the reality，that is，the derived formula is feasible.