1800m3高炉炉缸炭砖侵蚀调查及机制分析

摘要：为延长高炉的使用寿命和掌握炉缸砖衬的侵蚀机制，结合绘制的炉缸侵蚀炉型图，并借助扫描电镜、EDS电子探针和X射线衍射仪等手段分析炉缸炭砖的形貌、元素和物相。研究表明：炉缸炭砖表面上有明显的白色絮状物，且炭砖表面出现疏松和粉化的现象，导致炭砖出现裂缝，加快炭砖侵蚀；富集在炭砖热面的钛化物起到了保护衬作用，使有害元素难以存在受铁水冲刷程度严重的炭砖表面；21号~22号风口和相对应的8号~9号风口正上方对应着热风围管与送风支管连结的三岔口位置，侵蚀最严重；炉缸中锌与一氧化碳以及炭砖中的硅氧化物等物质反应生成氧化锌、硅锌矿和石墨等物质，并透过炭砖的气孔和通缝等逐渐渗入炭砖内部，致使炭砖体积发生膨胀，从而导致炉衬侵蚀。

Investigation and mechanism analysis of carbon brick erosion in 1800m3 blast furnace hearth

The morphology, elements and phase compositions of the carbon brick in the blast furnace hearth by SEM， EDS and XRD based on the drawing of the hearth erosion furnace were investigated for the purpose of revealing the erosion mechanism and prolonging the life of the bast furnace. The results show that the carbon brick surface has an obvious white floc mixture, which promotes the formation of cracks and accelerates the corrosion of the charcoal bricks. The titanium compounds can protect the carbon brick from erosion via which making it difficult for harmful elements to exist on the surface of the carbon bricks seriously scoured by molten iron. The locations of the three forks connecting No21-22 tuyere, the hot air ducts and the air supply branch pipes directly above No8-9 tuyere are the most severely eroded. The zinc in the hearth reacts with the CO and silicon oxide in the carbon brick forming materials such as ZnO, zinc silicate, and graphite, which permeate into the carbon brick through the pores and joints of the carbon brick, resulting in the volume expansion of the carbon brick and subsequently erosion of the furnace lining, which leads to furnace lining erosion.