资源环境保护视角下离子型稀土资源开采政策导向研究

我国离子型稀土资源开采面临前所未有的挑战，国际上有来自“稀土”案败诉的压力，国内则存在资源开采会造成资源环境损失与不开采则导致资源无法合理利用的矛盾。为降低离子型稀土资源开采造成的资源环境损失和促进稀土产业持续健康发展，结合离子型稀土生产工艺优缺点并借鉴国外矿产资源开采生态环境恢复治理成功经验，提出离子型稀土资源开采存在的主要问题。基于对现有国家及地方相关稀土资源开采政策不足的分析，提出离子型稀土资源生产工艺、资源开采“三率”指标、矿山环境治理和生态恢复责任制等方面的政策改进建议。

Policy orientation of rare earth resources mining based on perspective of resources and environment protection

The unprecedented challenges of China ion-adsorption rare earth mining comes from the international pressure of the "rare earth" case and the domestic contradiction between the resources and environment loss caused by mining and unreasonable resources utilization of unexploitation. To reduce the resources and environment damage of ion -adsorption rare earth exploitation and promote the sustained and healthy development of rare earth industry, the main problems were put forwarded combining with the advantages and disadvantages of ion-adsorption type rare-earth production process and lessons from foreign successful experience management of mineral resources exploitation ecological environment restoration. Based on the existing national and local related lack of rare earth resources mining policy analysis, suggestions for ameliorating policy concerning ion-adsorption rare earth production process, resources "three rates" index and mining environment management and ecological restoration accountability aspects were put forward.