铝电解废阴极炭块回收利用综述

生产铝过程中产生的铝电解槽废阴极属于有毒有害废弃物，废旧阴极炭块的性质及处理方法已成为近些年研究热点。依照国内外研究进展，笔者综述了不同使用时间下铝电解阴极炭块破损原因及破碎程度，针对不同的破碎原因选择合理的预防手段及修复方法。研究同一铝电解槽中的废旧阴极的不同层面破损程度，以便在后期研究过程中可分类处理阴极炭块，为更好处理废旧阴极炭块提供了可能。在了解废旧阴极炭块的基础上简述了国内外目前处理铝电解废旧阴极炭块的主要方法，归纳为浮选法、化学法、高温法，简述其中具有代表性的处理工艺及优缺点，并作出了总结与展望。 

Review on the recycling of used cathode carbon blocks produced in aluminum electrolysis

The properties and disposal of used cathode, a toxic and hazardous waste produced in aluminum electrolysis, have been the research hotspots in recent years. In light of the research progress at home and abroad, the paper reviews the breaking causes and degree of cathode carbon blocks in aluminum electrolysis under different service time, and chooses reasonable preventive and repairing measures according to the breaking causes. It also analyzes the breaking degrees of different layers of used cathode in the same aluminum electrolytic cell in order to classify and better dispose of cathode carbon blocks in the later research process. After that, a brief introduction has been made to their disposal in aluminum electrolysis at home and abroad, such as the flotation method, chemical method and high temperature method, and the advantages and disadvantages of some representative disposal processes. It concludes with a summary and anticipations on their recycling.